ArticlePsychopharmacology2014
Effort-related motivational effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-beta: studies with the concurrent fixed ratio 5/ chow feeding choice task.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- HMGB1 involved in stress-induced depression and its neuroinflammatory priming role: a systematic review.General psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational deficits and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Lipopolysaccharide Alters Motivated Behavior in a Monetary Reward Task: a Randomized Trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Neurochemical drivers of effort: The roles of dopamine and beyond in physical and cognitive exertion.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Latent subdimensions of anxiety and depression differentially influence exertion of effort in pursuit of reward versus avoidance of threat.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Willingness to work for sucrose: Impact of schedules, reinforcer alternatives, homeostatic value, and individual differences in male mice.Learning & behavior · 2026Article
- Inflammatory models of depression in rodents and humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The moderating role of lifetime social engagement on the relationship between C-reactive protein and negative symptoms among young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Inflammation is associated with avolition and reduced resting state functional connectivity in corticostriatal reward circuitry in patients with schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Operant effort-based decision-making task reveals sex differences in motivational behavior but no long-term effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol in Sprague Dawley rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammatory history results in overlapping transcriptional signatures with heroin exposure in the nucleus accumbens and alters responsiveness to heroin in male rats.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: Mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Effects of the dopamine depleting agent tetrabenazine in tests evaluating different components of depressive-like behavior in mice: sex-dependent response to antidepressant drugs with SERT and DAT blocker profiles.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Fatigue in Inflammatory Joint Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Chronic lipopolysaccharide impairs motivation when delivered to the ventricles, but not when delivered peripherally in male rats.Physiology & behavior · 2022Article
- Inflammation as a Pathophysiologic Pathway to Anhedonia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Review
- Vigor, Effort-Related Aspects of Motivation and Anhedonia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Review
- Back to the future of psychoneuroimmunology: Studying inflammation-induced sickness behavior.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Review
- Aiding and Abetting Anhedonia: Impact of Inflammation on the Brain and Pharmacological Implications.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleEffort-related motivational symptoms such as anergia and fatigue are common in patients with depression and other disorders. Research implicates pro-inflammatory cytokines in depression, and administration of cytokines can induce effort-related motivational symptoms in humans.
objectivesThe present experiments focused on the effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) on effort-related choice behavior.
methodsRats were tested on a concurrent fixed ratio 5 lever pressing/chow feeding choice procedure, which assesses the tendency of rats to work for a preferred food (high carbohydrate pellets) in the presence of a concurrently available but less preferred substitute (laboratory chow).
resultsIL-1β (1.0-4.0 μg/kg IP) shifted choice behavior, significantly decreasing lever pressing and increasing intake of the freely available chow. The second experiment assessed the ability of the adenosine A2A antagonist (E)-phosphoric acid mono-[3-[8-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]-7-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1-prop-2-ynyl-1,2,6,7-tetrahydropurin-3-yl] propyl] ester disodium salt (MSX-3) to reverse the behavioral effects of IL-1β. MSX-3 attenuated the effort-related impairments produced by IL-1β, increasing lever pressing and also decreasing chow intake. In the same dose range that shifted effort-related choice behavior, IL-1β did not alter food intake or preference in parallel free-feeding choice studies, indicating that these low doses were not generally suppressing appetite or altering preference for the high carbohydrate pellets. In addition, IL-1β did not affect core body temperature.
conclusionsThese results indicate that IL-1β can reduce the tendency to work for food, even at low doses that do not produce a general sickness, malaise, or loss of appetite. This research has implications for the involvement of cytokines in motivational symptoms such as anergia and fatigue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.