ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2013
Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 257 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Trial of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients with Acute Stroke and Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis - a Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Blinded End-point Study with High-resolution MR Vessel Wall Imaging
Evolocumab Added to Statin Therapy in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (EAST-ICAS)---a Pilot Study
Open the trial in the graphExtra Alirocumab in Addition to Statin Therapy in Symptomatic IntraCranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis ----a Pilot Study
Open the trial in the graphExtra Alirocumab in Addition to Statin Therapy in Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (EAST-aICAS)----a Pilot Study
Open the trial in the graphVessel Wall and Perfusion Imaging in Intracranial Atherosclerosis
The Predictive Value of Retinal Vascular Signs for Patients With Intracranial Artery Stenosis: A Prospective, Continuity Study, Cross-sectional Study
Comparison of Anti-coagulation and Anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Who cites it
257 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Endovascular therapy vs. conventional medical treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- Intravenous tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke patients not receiving reperfusion treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in symptomatic intracranial and vertebral artery stenosis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Balloon-mounting stent for intracranial arterial stenosis: A comprehensive and comparative systematic review and meta-analysis.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2023Pooled it
- Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Intracranial angioplasty with a self-expandable stent for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Balloon Angioplasty vs. Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Outcomes after stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Tmax Mismatch Ratio to Identify Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis-Related Large-Vessel Occlusion Before Endovascular Therapy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Trial
- Association of Tirofiban With Functional Outcomes After Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease.Neurology · 2023Trial
- Comparison of Drug-Eluting Stent With Bare-Metal Stent in Patients With Symptomatic High-grade Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2022Trial
- Relationship Between Vascular Risk Factors and Location of Intracranial Atherosclerosis in the SAMMPRIS Trial.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2020Trial
- Association of Non-LDL Indices with Recurrent Stroke Risk while on Lipid-Modifying Therapy.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2020Trial
- Association between basilar artery configuration and Vessel Wall features: a prospective high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging study.BMC medical imaging · 2019Trial
- Development of a recurrence risk prediction model for intracranial atherosclerotic stroke using HR-VWI combined with radiomics.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Atherosclerotic Stenosis and Endothelial Dysfunction.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Intracranial Plaque Characteristics and Extracranial Carotid Plaque-RADS Associated With Stroke Recurrence: A High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging Study.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Standardising the diagnosis and imaging of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in Asia: a call for regional consensus.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Article
197 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerosis is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke. New therapeutic approaches to treat this high-risk disease include dual antiplatelet treatment, intensive management of risk factors, and endovascular therapy. Early data from randomised trials indicate that aggressive medical therapy is better than stenting for prevention of recurrent stroke in high-risk patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of a major intracranial artery. Nevertheless, there are subgroups of patients who remain at high risk of stroke despite aggressive medical therapy. Further research is needed to identify these high-risk subgroups and to develop more effective treatments. Non-invasive vascular imaging methods that could be used to identify high-risk patients include fractional flow on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), quantitative MRA, and high-resolution MRI of the atherosclerotic plaque. Alternative therapies to consider for future clinical trials include angioplasty alone, indirect surgical bypass procedures, ischaemic preconditioning, and new anticoagulants (direct thrombin or Xa inhibitors).
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.