ReviewParasite immunology2014
Immunology of lymphatic filariasis.
Review in Parasite immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed.
- A next-generation human lymphatic filariasis vaccine candidate, rBmHAXT, for clinical development.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The human immunome in the post-schistosomiasis mass drug administration era.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome and metabolome associate with Schistosoma mansoni infection and cardiovascular disease risk in Uganda.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The emerging roles of eosinophils in immune regulation in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunoendocrine network under conditions of diabetes-filariasis co-morbidity DMLF6.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PD-L2 Inhibits Protective Immunity, Th2 Cell Functional Quality, and GATA-3 Expression During Filarial Nematode Infection.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Robust COVID-19 Vaccine Responses Despite Filarial Co-Infection: Insights from a Lymphatic Filariasis Cohort in Ghana.Vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Parasitic Co-Infection: A Hypothetical Link to Pulmonary Vascular Disease.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Dynamics of Human Filarial Infections: Immunological Responses, Host Manifestations, and Pathogen Biology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nutritional predictors of lymphatic filariasis progression: Insights from a machine learning approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- An Overview on Antifilarial Efficacy of Heterocyclic Motifs Encompassing Synthetic Strategies, SAR and Commercialized Medications.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Differences of in vitro immune responses between patent and pre-patent Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected mice are independent of the filarial antigenic stimulus used.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Managing Lymphedema Induced by Lymphatic Filariasis: Implementing and Improving Care at the Individual and Programmatic Levels.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Availability and readiness of health facilities providing services for other infectious diseases to treat neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia: implications for service integration in high burden areas.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Immune Response Profiling of Cocktails of Brugia malayi Vaccine Candidates DIM-1, Calponin and Troponin 1 in BALB/c Mice.Acta parasitologica · 2023Article
- Complete Reduction of Leg Lymphedema after Liposuction: A 5-Year Prospective Study in 67 Patients without Recurrence.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The immune responses to filarial parasites encompass a complex network of innate and adaptive cells whose interaction with the parasite underlies a spectrum of clinical manifestations. The predominant immunological feature of lymphatic filariasis is an antigen-specific Th2 response and an expansion of IL-10 producing CD4(+) T cells that is accompanied by a muted Th1 response. This antigen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness appears to be crucial for the maintenance of the sustained, long-standing infection often with high parasite densities. While the correlates of protective immunity to lymphatic filariasis are still incompletely understood, primarily due to the lack of suitable animal models to study susceptibility, it is clear that T cells and to a certain extent B cells are required for protective immunity. Host immune responses, especially CD4(+) T-cell responses clearly play a role in mediating pathological manifestations of LF, including lymphedema, hydrocele and elephantiasis. The main underlying defect in the development of clinical pathology appears to be a failure to induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness in the face of antigenic stimulation. Finally, another intriguing feature of filarial infections is their propensity to induce bystander effects on a variety of immune responses, including responses to vaccinations, allergens and to other infectious agents. The complexity of the immune response to filarial infection therefore provides an important gateway to understanding the regulation of immune responses to chronic infections, in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.