ArticleVeterinary research2013
Infectivity and transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens and wild terrestrial birds.
Article in Veterinary research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Chicken AvBD11 on the Cytokines in the Erythrocytes of Chickens Infected with the Avian Influenza Virus of the Subtype H9N2.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Influenza a virus subtype H9N2 infection induces respiratory microbiota dysbiosis in chickens via type-I interferon-mediated mechanisms.FEMS microbes · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factor for H9N2 avian influenza virus in poultry retail shops of Madhya Pradesh.Virusdisease · 2024Article
- Seasonal changes in bird communities on poultry farms and house sparrow-wild bird contacts revealed by camera trapping.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Quail Rearing Practices and Potential for Avian Influenza Virus Transmission, Bangladesh.EcoHealth · 2023Article
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- Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- A review of estimated transmission parameters for the spread of avian influenza viruses.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Review
- Village and farm-level risk factors for avian influenza infection on backyard chicken farms in Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Transmission of H9N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (LPAIV) in a Challenge-Transmission Model.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Coinfection of Chickens with H9N2 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Leads to Emergence of Reassortant H9N9 Virus with Increased Fitness for Poultry and a Zoonotic Potential.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Avian Influenza a H9N2 Viruses in Morocco, 2018-2019.Viruses · 2022Article
- Experimental Infection and In-Contact Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Crows.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection retards colon microbiota diversification in two different chicken lines.Animal microbiome · 2021Article
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- Review
- Contribution of Segment 3 to the Acquisition of Virulence in Contemporary H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Evaluation in broilers of aerosolized nanoparticles vaccine encapsulating imuno-stimulant and antigens of avian influenza virus/Mycoplasma gallisepticum.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Genetic changes in avian influenza viruses influence their infectivity, virulence and transmission. Recently we identified a novel genotype of H9N2 viruses in widespread circulation in poultry in Pakistan that contained polymerases (PB2, PB1 and PA) and non-structural (NS) gene segments identical to highly pathogenic H7N3 viruses. Here, we investigated the potential of these viruses to cause disease and assessed the transmission capability of the virus within and between poultry and wild terrestrial avian species. Groups of broilers, layers, jungle fowl, quail, sparrows or crows were infected with a representative strain (A/chicken/UDL-01/08) of this H9N2 virus and then mixed with naïve birds of the same breed or species, or different species to examine transmission. With the exception of crows, all directly inoculated and contact birds showed clinical signs, varying in severity with quail showing the most pronounced clinical signs. Virus shedding was detected in all infected birds, with quail showing the greatest levels of virus secretion, but only very low levels of virus were found in directly infected crow samples. Efficient virus intra-species transmission was observed within each group with the exception of crows in which no evidence of transmission was seen. Interspecies transmission was examined between chickens and sparrows and vice versa and efficient transmission was seen in either direction. These results highlight the ease of spread of this group of H9N2 viruses between domesticated poultry and sparrows and show that sparrows need to be considered as a high risk species for transmitting H9N2 viruses between premises.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.