ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2013
Maternal periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking and congenital limb deficiencies.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Birth Defects Among U.S. Women of Reproductive Age: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to March 2020.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- A multidisciplinary and structured investigation of three suspected clusters of transverse upper limb reduction defects in France.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Congenital Upper and Lower Limb Differences: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Prevalence of vascular disruption anomalies and association with young maternal age: A EUROCAT study to compare the United Kingdom with other European countries.Birth defects research · 2022Article
- Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Limb Reduction Defects: Data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRCM).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Vasoactive exposures and risk of amniotic band syndrome and terminal transverse limb deficiencies.Birth defects research · 2020Article
- Maternal exposure to outdoor air pollution and congenital limb deficiencies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Environmental research · 2019Article
- Potential risk factors for Ebstein anomaly, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Cardiology in the young · 2019Article
- Plausible Roles for RAGE in Conditions Exacerbated by Direct and Indirect (Secondhand) Smoke Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- The role of micronutrients in the response to ambient air pollutants: Potential mechanisms and suggestions for research design.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCongenital limb deficiencies (LD)s are characterised by the failure or disruption in formation of limbs or digits. Epidemiological research on maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and LDs is inconclusive.
methodsData from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study were used to examine LDs and maternal exposure to active or passive cigarette smoke. Mothers of LD case (n = 906) and unaffected control (n = 8352) pregnancies from October 1997 through December 2007 reported on exposure type and quantity. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]; interactions with folic acid (FA) intake were tested.
resultsFor any LD, ORs were elevated for active (1.24 [95% CI 1.01, 1.53]), passive (home) (1.28 [95% CI 1.03, 1.59]), and 'active and passive' (1.34 [95% CI 1.05, 1.70]) exposures. The ORs for longitudinal LDs were elevated for passive (home) (1.62 [95% CI 1.14, 2.31]) and 'active and passive' (1.62 [95% CI 1.09, 2.41]) exposures. The OR for pre-axial LDs were elevated for any (1.39 [95% CI 1.01, 1.90]), active (1.53 [95% CI 1.03, 2.29]), passive (home) (1.82 [95% CI 1.23, 2.69]), and 'active and passive' (1.87 [95% CI 1.20, 2.92]) exposures. For lower limbs, ORs were elevated for passive (home) (1.44 [95% CI 1.01, 2.04]) and smoking 15 or more cigarettes/day (2.25 [95% CI 1.27, 3.97]). Interactions showed that ORs for any passive smoke exposure were 0.43 and 0.59 higher in the absence of FA intake for any and terminal transverse LDs.
conclusionsMaternal active smoking and exposure to passive cigarette smoke emerged as a potential teratogen that affects limb and digit formation. FA was not found to mitigate the impact.
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