ArticleRetrovirology2013
Expression profile of host restriction factors in HIV-1 elite controllers.
Article in Retrovirology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- TGF-β mediates epigenetic control of innate antiviral responses and SIV reservoir size.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Persistent viral control status is associated with enhanced innate immune responses in people with HIV-1.iScience · 2026Article
- Schlafen 5 is an intracellular immune checkpoint and controls IFN responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Learning from nature: HIV elite controllers as blueprints for a functional cure.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Epigenetic and Post-Translational Regulation of Schlafen Family Expression and Their Differential Methods of Regulating Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Inhibition of caspase pathways limits CD4Retrovirology · 2024Article
- Overview of Structural and Functional Insights of SLFN12 Associated With Different Diseases.Cureus · 2024Review
- The Multifunction of TRIM26: From Immune Regulation to Oncology.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Review
- Review
- Transposable elements may enhance antiviral resistance in HIV-1 elite controllers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Structural and biochemical characterization of Schlafen11 N-terminal domain.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Antigen specificities of HIV-infected cells: A role in infection and persistence?Journal of virus eradication · 2023Review
- Schlafen 12 restricts HIV-1 latency reversal by a codon-usage dependent post-transcriptional block in CD4+ T cells.Communications biology · 2023Article
- CCR5∆32 and SDF1 3'A: Gene Variants, Expression and Influence on Biological Markers for the Clinical Progression to AIDS among HIV-1 Virus Controllers in a Mixed Population of the Amazon Region of Brazil.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Contribution of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to AIDS Pathogenesis and Clinical Progression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Schlafens Can Put Viruses to Sleep.Viruses · 2022Review
- Omic Technologies in HIV: Searching Transcriptional Signatures Involved in Long-Term Non-Progressor and HIV Controller Phenotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- NK Cells, Monocytes and Macrophages in HIV-1 Control: Impact of Innate Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral host-encoded antiviral factors suppress HIV-1 replication in a cell-autonomous fashion in vitro. The relevance of these defenses to the control of HIV-1 in vivo remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that cellular restriction of HIV-1 replication plays a significant role in the observed suppression of HIV-1 in "elite controllers", individuals who maintain undetectable levels of viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We comprehensively compared the expression levels of 34 host restriction factors and cellular activation levels in CD4+ T cells and sorted T cell subsets between elite controllers, HIV-1-infected (untreated) non-controllers, ART-suppressed, and uninfected individuals.
resultsExpression of schlafen 11, a codon usage-based inhibitor of HIV-1 protein synthesis, was significantly elevated in CD4+ T cells from elite controllers as compared to both non-controllers (p = 0.048) and ART-suppressed individuals (p = 0.024), with this effect most apparent in central memory CD4+ T cells. Schlafen 11 expression levels were comparable between controllers and uninfected individuals. Cumulative restriction factor expression was positively correlated with CD4+ T cell activation (r² = 0.597, p < 0.0001), viral load (r² = 0.34, p = 0.015), and expression of ISG15 (r² = 0.73, p < 0.0001), a marker of interferon exposure. APOBEC3C, APOBEC3D, CTR9, TRIM26, and TRIM32 were elevated in elite controllers with respect to ART-suppressed individuals, while levels were comparable to uninfected individuals and non-controllers.
conclusionsHost restriction factor expression typically scales with cellular activation levels. However, the elevated mRNA and protein expression of schlafen 11, despite low activation and viral load, violates the global pattern and may be a signature characteristic of HIV-1 elite control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.