ReviewJournal of neurovirology2013
Effect of HIV clade differences on the onset and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Review in Journal of neurovirology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Review
- SHIV.D Infection Alters Production and Protein Composition of Myeloid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Transmitted/founder SHIV.D replicates in the brain, causes neuropathogenesis, and persists on combination antiretroviral therapy in rhesus macaques.Retrovirology · 2023Article
- Molecular Modeling of Subtype-Specific Tat Protein Signatures to Predict Tat-TAR Interactions That May Be Involved in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Neuroimmunology of CNS HIV Infection: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Clade GR and clade GH isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in Asia show highest amount of SNPs.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The association of peripheral immune markers with brain cortical thickness and surface area in South African people living with HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- The neurologic phenotype of South African patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2020Article
- NF-κB Duplications in the Promoter-Variant HIV-1C LTR Impact Inflammation Without Altering Viral Replication in the Context of Simian Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Opioid-Exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Genetic variation and function of the HIV-1 Tat protein.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2019Review
- Global HIV neurology: a comprehensive review.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Review
- Incidence of symptomatic CSF viral escape in HIV infected patients receiving atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r)-containing ART: a tertiary care cohort in western India.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- HIV-1 Gp120 clade B/C induces a GRP78 driven cytoprotective mechanism in astrocytoma.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Tissue-resident macrophages can contain replication-competent virus in antiretroviral-naive, SIV-infected Asian macaques.JCI insight · 2017Article
- Evaluation of practice effect on neuropsychological measures among persons with and without HIV infection in northern India.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Article
- Macrophages in Progressive Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections.Journal of virology · 2016Review
- Neuropsychological test performance among healthy persons in northern India: development of normative data.Journal of neurovirology · 2015Article
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Five new things.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The effects of evolutionary pressure on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) have resulted in a variety of clades and recombinants. The functional implications of HIV clades on disease onset and progression of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been suggested by clinical and basic science studies, which will be reviewed in detail. Some clinical studies suggest that patients infected with clade D show the greatest propensity for developing HIV-associated dementia (HAD) followed by clades B, C, and A, respectively. However, there are conflicting reports. This review summarizes clinical studies that have assessed behavioral abnormalities and HIV clade type in HAND patients, focusing on the clades stated above. The limitations include variations in testing used to define the cohorts, patient sample size, lack of HIV clade characterization, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) availability, and other factors, which are highlighted and compared between clinical studies performed primarily in Africa and India. Basic science studies provide substantial evidence that HIV clade differences can result in varying degrees of neuropathology and are also reviewed in some detail. These studies indicate that there are a number of clade differences, most notably in Tat, that result in different degrees of neurovirulence or neuropathological effects in vitro and in a mouse model of HAND. In order to confirm the hypothesis that HIV clade differences are important determinants of HAND pathogenesis, larger, longitudinal studies that employ standard definitions of HAND and HIV clade testing must be performed. In a larger sense, HAND continues to be highly prevalent despite the advent of cART, and therefore, further studies into HAND pathogenesis are critical to develop better therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.