Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24126930›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2014

Independence of familial transmission of mania and depression: results of the NIMH family study of affective spectrum disorders.

K R Merikangas, L Cui, L Heaton, E Nakamura, C Roca, J Ding, H Qin, W Guo, Y Y Shugart, Y Yao-Shugart and 2 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Intergenerational associations of depression and anxiety among adult mother-daughter dyads in China.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026
    Article
  7. Comorbidity and Familial Aggregation of Mood Disorders and Cigarette Smoking in a Controlled Family Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Article
  8. The effect of sleep-wake behaviors on the onset of mania in youth: A computational model.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026
    Article
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  19. Similarity-based multimodal regression.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

K R MerikangasGenetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
L CuiGenetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
L HeatonGenetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
E NakamuraGenetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
C RocaGenetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J DingComputational Biology Core, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA.
H QinUnit on Statistical Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
W GuoUnit on Statistical Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Y Y Shugart
Y Yao-ShugartUnit on Statistical Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
C ZarateExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J AngstDepartment of Psychiatry, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Funding

Family Study of Affective and Anxiety Spectrum DisordersZ01MH002804 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MERIKANGAS, KATHLEEN R · 2003 to 2008
$4.2M
Developing new statisical methods to detect variants involved in complex diseaseZIAMH002929 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI YAO, YIN · 2011 to 2016
$2.6M
Developing Stats Methods to Detect Rare Genetics Variants in Human PedigreesZIAMH002930 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI YAO, YIN · 2011 to 2016
$1.6M
Integrating fMRI and Next-Generation-Sequencing Data to Identify Schizophrenia BiomarkersZIAMH002934 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI YAO, YIN · 2013 to 2016
$638k
Intramural NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS Z01 MH002804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The goal of this study is to investigate the familial transmission of the spectrum of bipolar disorder in a nonclinical sample of probands with a broad range of manifestations of mood disorders. The sample included a total of 447 probands recruited from a clinically enriched community screening and their 2082 adult living and deceased first-degree relatives. A best estimate diagnostic procedure that was based on either direct semistructured interview or structured family history information from multiple informants regarding non-interviewed relatives was employed. Results revealed that there was specificity of familial aggregation of bipolar I (BP I; odds ratio (OR)=8.40; 3.27-20.97; h2=0.83) and major depressive disorder (OR=2.26; 1.58-3.22; h2=0.20), but not BP II. The familial aggregation of BP I was primarily attributable to the familial specificity of manic episodes after adjusting for both proband and relative comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. There was no significant cross-aggregation between mood disorder subtypes suggesting that the familial transmission of manic and major depressive episodes is independent despite the high magnitude of comorbidity between these mood states. These findings confirm those of earlier studies of the familial aggregation of bipolar disorder and major depression in the first nonclinical sample, and the largest family study of bipolar disorder in the USA using contemporary nonhierarchical diagnostic criteria for mood and anxiety disorders. The results suggest that these major components of bipolar disorder may represent distinct underlying pathways rather than increasingly severe manifestations of a common underlying diathesis. Therefore, dissection of the broad bipolar phenotype in genetic studies could actually generate new findings that could index novel biologic pathways underlying bipolar disorder.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnxietyBipolar DisorderDepressionFamily HealthFemaleHumansInterview, PsychologicalMajor Depressive DisorderMaleMiddle AgedModels, PsychologicalOdds Ratio

Identifiers

PMID24126930

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.