ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2014
The sex bias in systemic sclerosis: on the possible mechanisms underlying the female disease preponderance.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of male sex in clinical and laboratory features of systemic sclerosis.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis: a population-based nested case-control study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Serum Proteomic Markers in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis in Relation to Silica Exposure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- An exploratory analysis of differences in serum protein expression by sex in patients with systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Sex differences in systemic sclerosis: from pathogenesis to clinical manifestations and treatment.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2025Review
- 47XXY and 47XXX in Scleroderma and Myositis.ACR open rheumatology · 2022Article
- The contribution of epigenetics to the pathogenesis and gender dimorphism of systemic sclerosis: a comprehensive overview.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2020Review
- A Hypothetical Approach on Gender Differences in Cancer Diagnosis.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2019Article
- Serum Jo-1 Autoantibody and Isolated Arthritis in the Antisynthetase Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Report of the Experience of AENEAS Collaborative Group.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2017Review
- Roads Less Traveled: Sexual Dimorphism and Mast Cell Contributions to Migraine Pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Hyaluronic acid prevents immunosuppressive drug-induced ovarian damage via up-regulating PGRMC1 expression.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- The challenge of treating orphan disease.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2014Article
- Gender differences in systemic sclerosis: relationship to clinical features, serologic status and outcomes.Journal of scleroderma and related disordersArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease. Genetic and environmental factors are known to interplay in the onset and progression of systemic sclerosis. Sex plays an important and determinant role in the development of such a disorder. Systemic sclerosis shows a significant female preponderance. However, the reason for this female preponderance is incompletely understood. Hormonal status, genetic and epigenetic differences, and lifestyle have been considered in order to explain female preponderance in systemic sclerosis. Sex chromosomes play a determinant role in contributing to systemic sclerosis onset and progression, as well as in its sex-biased prevalence. It is known, in fact, that X chromosome contains many sex- and immuno-related genes, thus contributing to immuno tolerance and sex hormone status. This review focuses mainly on the recent progress on epigenetic mechanisms--exclusively linked to the X chromosome--which would contribute to the development of systemic sclerosis. Furthermore, we report also some hypotheses (dealing with skewed X chromosome inactivation, X gene reactivation, acquired monosomy) that have been proposed in order to justify the female preponderance in autoimmune diseases. However, despite the intensive efforts in elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis, many questions remain still unanswered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.