ArticleThe international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease2013
Risk factors for mortality in Malawian children with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis co-infection.
Article in The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality and associated factors among children with the double burden of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis in African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of TB & HIV co-infection mortality rate in sub-Saharan African children, youth, and adolescents.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Mortality and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children younger than 15 years receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Burden of mortality and its predictors among TB-HIV co-infected patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence rate of mortality and its predictors among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Survival and predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection Admissions and Outcome in Children at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence of mortality and its predictors among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Amhara region: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Dietary patterns and micronutrients in respiratory infections including COVID-19: a narrative review.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Predicting mortality within 1 year of ART initiation in children and adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a retrospective observational cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Observational
- Effect of HIV infection on plasma exposure to first-line TB drugs and target attainment in children.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2023Article
- Optimal Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Children and Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis in children with severe acute malnutrition.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- Predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children attending anti-retroviral therapy clinics of selected public hospitals in southern, Ethiopia: retrospective cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) associated mortality rate of children attending HIV/AIDS care in North West Ethiopia, 2009-2019.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of Undernutrition and Predictors on the Survival Status of HIV-Positive Children after Started Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Northwest Ethiopia.International journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for the Development of Tuberculosis Among HIV-Positive Adults Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Government Hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
settingA large urban pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi.
objectiveTo identify demographic and clinical risk factors for mortality in children co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB).
designA retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected children (aged <18 years) enrolled between October 2004 and October 2010 with at least one current or historical TB diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with mortality.
resultsA total of 1561 patients met the inclusion criteria, representing 32% of patients ever enrolled. Median age at TB diagnosis was 3.8 years (interquartile range 1.5-7.4); 60.9% had severe immune suppression and 47.6% of those with available data had some degree of acute malnutrition at TB diagnosis. Of the 1113 patients with known outcomes, 225 (20.2%) died. Children with TB-HIV co-infection not initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at any time were 8.8 times more likely to die compared to those initiated on ART 0-2 months after initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment (adjusted OR 8.83, 95%CI 4.42-17.63). Severe immunosuppression and World Health Organization Stage IV were also associated with mortality.
conclusionsPediatric TB-HIV co-infection is common and mortality is high in this cohort of Malawian children. Prompt initiation of ART should be emphasized in this high-risk patient population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.