ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
Evidence for sexually dimorphic associations between maternal characteristics and anogenital distance, a marker of reproductive development.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between prenatal phthalate exposure and ano-genital indices among offsprings in an Israeli cohort.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Association of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure with sexually dimorphic differences in anogenital distance among Thai farmworker children.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Effects of Elevated Maternal Adiposity on Offspring Reproductive Health: A Perspective From Epidemiologic Studies.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Review
- Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders.Evolutionary applications · 2021Review
- A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease.Current epidemiology reports · 2021Article
- Comparison of Anogenital Distance and Correlation with Vulvo-vaginal Atrophy: A Pilot Study on Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2018Article
- Anogenital distance in newborn daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome indicates fetal testosterone exposure.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2018Article
- Human anogenital distance: an update on fetal smoke-exposure and integration of the perinatal literature on sex differences.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
- How Early Hormones Shape Gender Development.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2016Article
- Stress and Androgen Activity During Fetal Development.Endocrinology · 2015Review
- Anogenital distance and its application in environmental health research.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2014Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Data from animal models, historical cohorts, and modern epidemiologic studies have suggested that maternal characteristics can affect reproductive health of offspring; however, distinguishing between prenatal and postnatal contributions is difficult. Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the anus to the genitals, is believed to be a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure in many species, and in humans it has been associated with several adult reproductive health outcomes. We used data from a pregnancy cohort study conducted in 4 US cities from 1999-2005 to examine whether AGD measurements in infants were associated with maternal self-reported age at conception, age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, and gravidity. AGD was measured in 289 infants (140 male, 149 female) born to study participants. After adjustment for relevant covariates, in linear regression models stratified by infant sex, maternal age was positively associated with AGD in male infants (AGD, anus to penis: β = 0.50, P = 0.002; AGD, anus to scrotum: β = 0.29, P = 0.02) but not female infants. Parity was inversely associated with AGD (anus to scrotum; β = -1.68, P = 0.03) in male infants. No other maternal characteristic predicted AGD in either sex. The mechanism underlying the unexpected relationship between maternal characteristics and AGD is unknown; however, we suggest several possibilities for future study.
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