ArticleEukaryotic cell2013
Laccases involved in 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus are regulated by developmental factors and copper homeostasis.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- A cysteine-rich domain of themBio · 2026Article
- Investigating the Genetic and Molecular Basis of Melanin and Edible Quality inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Reprogramming of Fungal Cell Walls Underlies Germination and Immune Exposure in Zygomycetous Fungal Pathogens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The multifaceted physiological roles of fungal laccases.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Dismantling darkness: interdisciplinary perspectives on melanin degradation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Screening and Identification of Reference Genes Under Different Conditions and Growth Stages ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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- Regulation of melanin production in fungi.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- Targeting of Specialized Metabolites Biosynthetic Enzymes to Membranes and Vesicles by Posttranslational Palmitoylation: A Mechanism of Non-Conventional Traffic and Secretion of Fungal Metabolites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Identification and Characterization of the Determinants of Copper Resistance in the Acidophilic FungusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Trace copper-mediated asexual developmentFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- New insights and advances on pyomelanin production: from microbial synthesis to applications.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2022Review
- Article
- Transcriptional response ofVirulence · 2021Article
- Raman Characterization of Fungal DHN and DOPA Melanin Biosynthesis Pathways.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The sterol C-14 reductase Erg24 is responsible for ergosterol biosynthesis and ion homeostasis in Aspergillus fumigatus.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogenBeilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2021Review
- The Role of Zinc in Copper Homeostasis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- TheInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Occurrence and diversity of waterborne fungi and associated mycotoxins in treated drinking water distribution system in South Africa: implications on water quality and public health.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2020Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus produces heavily melanized infectious conidia. The conidial melanin is associated with fungal virulence and resistance to various environmental stresses. This 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin is synthesized by enzymes encoded in a gene cluster in A. fumigatus, including two laccases, Abr1 and Abr2. Although this gene cluster is not conserved in all aspergilli, laccases are critical for melanization in all species examined. Here we show that the expression of A. fumigatus laccases Abr1/2 is upregulated upon hyphal competency and drastically increased during conidiation. The Abr1 protein is localized at the surface of stalks and conidiophores, but not in young hyphae, consistent with the gene expression pattern and its predicted role. The induction of Abr1/2 upon hyphal competency is controlled by BrlA, the master regulator of conidiophore development, and is responsive to the copper level in the medium. We identified a developmentally regulated putative copper transporter, CtpA, and found that CtpA is critical for conidial melanization under copper-limiting conditions. Accordingly, disruption of CtpA enhanced the induction of abr1 and abr2, a response similar to that induced by copper starvation. Furthermore, nonpigmented ctpAΔ conidia elicited much stronger immune responses from the infected invertebrate host Galleria mellonella than the pigmented ctpAΔ or wild-type conidia. Such enhancement in eliciting Galleria immune responses was independent of the ctpAΔ conidial viability, as previously observed for the DHN melanin mutants. Taken together, our findings indicate that both copper homeostasis and developmental regulators control melanin biosynthesis, which affects conidial surface properties that shape the interaction between this pathogen and its host.
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