ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2014
Pharmacokinetic of antiepileptic drugs in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dose Recommendations for Common Drugs in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Literature Review.Clinical drug investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Antiseizure Medications in Older Adults with Epilepsy: Considerations in Pharmacology, Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Newer Agents.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Therapeutic drug monitoring of zonisamide in children with epilepsy: development and validation of a precise binary prediction model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Molecular Basis of GABA Aminotransferase Inhibition in Epilepsy: Structure, Mechanisms, and Drug Development.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Next generation drug clearance insights: real-time tracking in hepatobiliary and renal systems.Light, science & applications · 2025Article
- Mechanisms Underlying the Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Six Active Constituents of Huangqi Liuyi Decoction between Normal and Diabetic Nephropathy Mouse Models.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling for Nifedipine to Evaluate the Effect of Parathyroid Hormone on CYP3A in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Article
- Genetics and Extracellular Vesicles of Pediatrics Sleep Disordered Breathing and Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Epilepsy in the Elderly: Treatment and Consideration of Comorbid Diseases.Journal of epilepsy research · 2019Review
- Treatment of Central Nervous System Complications of Renal Dialysis and Transplantation.Current treatment options in neurology · 2019Review
- Population pharmacokinetic modeling of oxcarbazepine active metabolite in Chinese patients with epilepsy.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2016Article
- Pharmacokinetic characteristics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).The mental health clinician · 2016Article
- Observational
- Management of endocrine disease: Secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management.European journal of endocrinology · 2015Review
- Myoclonus in renal failure: Two cases of gabapentin toxicity.Epilepsy & behavior case reports · 2014Article
- Lacosamide as add-on treatment of focal symptomatic epilepsy in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.Epilepsy & behavior case reports · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many factors influence choice of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including efficacy of the drug for the indication (epilepsy, neuropathic pain, affective disorder, migraine), tolerability, and toxicity. The first-generation AEDs and some newer AEDs are predominately eliminated by hepatic metabolism. Other recent AEDs are eliminated by renal excretion of unchanged drug or a combination of hepatic metabolism and renal excretion. The effect of renal and hepatic disease on the dosing will depend on the fraction of the AED eliminated by hepatic and/or renal excretion, the metabolic isozymes involved, as well as the extent of protein binding, if therapeutic drug monitoring is used. For drugs that are eliminated by renal excretion, methods of estimating creatinine clearance can be used to determine dose adjustments. For drugs eliminated by hepatic metabolism, there are no specific markers of liver function that can be used to provide guidance in dosage adjustments. Based on studies with probe drugs, the hepatic metabolic enzymes are differentially affected depending on the cause and severity of hepatic disease, which can aid in predicting dose adjustment when clinical data are not available. Several AEDs are also associated with laboratory markers of mild hepatic dysfunction and, rarely, more severe hepatic injury. In contrast, the risk of renal injury from AEDs is generally low. In general, co-morbid hepatic or renal diseases influence the decision for the selection of an AED. For some patients dosing changes to their existing AEDs may be appropriate. For others, a change to another AED may be a better option.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24122696What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.