Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24122346›Full record

ArticleCancer2014

Trends in stage-specific incidence rates for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in the United States: 1988 to 2006.

Matthew E Nielsen, Angela B Smith, Anne-Marie Meyer, Tzy-Mey Kuo, Seth Tyree, William Y Kim, Matthew I Milowsky, Raj S Pruthi, Robert C Millikan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Long-term Trends in Bladder Cancer Incidence Using a Harmonized Staging Variable: A SEER-Based Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. [Risk modeling based on HER-2 related genes for bladder cancer survival prognosis assessment].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. [Optimal surveillance intensity of cystoscopy in intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2022
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Registration of Urothelial Tumours in Cancer Registries: How to Improve and Make It More Useful?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Matthew E NielsenLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Urology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Angela B Smith
Anne-Marie Meyer
Tzy-Mey Kuo
Seth Tyree
William Y Kim
Matthew I Milowsky
Raj S Pruthi
Robert C Millikan

Funding

Virology Research Program (Program 4)P30CA016086 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Deborah F. Tate · 1985 to 2026
$201.5M
UNC Clinical Translation Science Award-K12 Scholars Program (KL2)KL2RR025746 · NCRR · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI RUNGE, MARSCHALL S. · 2008 to 2011
$9.0M
North Carolina Translational & Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS)KL2TR001109 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BUSE, JOHN BERNARD, CAREY, TIMOTHY S · 2013 to 2017
$5.7M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001109NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016086NCRR NIH HHS 1KL2RR025746NCRR NIH HHS KL2 RR025746NIA NIH HHS L30 AG038037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBladder cancer is notable for a striking heterogeneity of disease-specific risks. Among the approximately 75% of incident cases found to be superficial to the muscularis propria at the time of presentation (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer), the risk of progression to the lethal phenotype of muscle-invasive disease is strongly associated with stage and grade of disease. Given the suggestion of an increasing percentage of low-risk cases in hospital-based registry data in recent years, the authors hypothesized that population-based data may reveal changes in the stage distribution of early-stage cases.

methodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data were used to examine trends for the stage-specific incidence of bladder cancer between 1988 and 2006, adjusted for age, race, and sex, using Joinpoint and nonparametric tests.

resultsThe adjusted incidence rate of papillary noninvasive (Ta) predominantly low grade (77%) disease was found to increase from 5.52 to 9.09 per 100,000 population (P < .0001), with an average annual percentage change of +3.3. Over the same period, concomitant, albeit smaller, decreases were observed for flat in situ (Tis) and lamina propria-invasive (T1) disease (2.57 to 1.19 and 6.65 to 4.61 per 100,000 population [both P < .0001]; average annual percent change of -5.0 and -1.6, respectively). The trend was most dramatic among patients in the oldest age strata, suggesting a previously unappreciated cohort phenomenon.

conclusionsThe findings of the current study should motivate further epidemiological investigations of differential associations of genetic and environmental factors with different bladder cancer phenotypes as well as further scrutiny of clinical practice guideline recommendations for the growing subgroup of predominantly older patients with lower-risk disease.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm StagingSEER ProgramUnited StatesUrinary Bladder Neoplasmsbladder cancercarcinogenesisepidemiologyincidencestage migration

Identifiers

PMID24122346
PMCPMC3964001

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.