Trial reportMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2013
S-1 plus CIK as second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer.
Trial report in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Guideline
- Post-progression survival following second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer previously treated with gemcitabine: a meta-analysis.Investigational new drugs · 2018Pooled it
- Therapeutic efficacy and safety of S-1-based combination therapy compare with S-1 monotherapy following gemcitabine failure in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Review
- Advancing Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer: A Brief Review of Emerging Adoptive Cell Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Adoptive cell therapy against tumor immune evasion: mechanisms, innovations, and future directions.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- NK and cells with NK-like activities in cancer immunotherapy-clinical perspectives.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Review
- Effects of interleukin-2 concentration and administration method on proliferation and function of cytokine-induced killer cells.Translational cancer research · 2021Article
- The dark side of immunotherapy: pancreatic cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2020Review
- Advanced pancreatic cancer: The standard of care and new opportunities.Oncology reviews · 2018Article
- Cytokine-induced killer cell therapy for modulating regulatory T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
- Cell-based immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells: From preparation and testing to clinical application.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Review
- Clinical applications of dendritic cells-cytokine-induced killer cells mediated immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: an up-to-date meta-analysis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2017Article
- Dendritic cell vaccine and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2016Article
- Autologous cytokine-induced killer cell transfusion increases overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2016Article
- Clinical outcome of immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccine and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2016Article
- Efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of elderly patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Central-European journal of immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of S-1 (Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil Potassium Capsules) plus CIK (Cytokine-induced killer cells) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who had previously received gemcitabine-based therapy. In this prospective study, fifty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group (CT group) was given S-1 alone, and the other group (immuno-CT group) was given S-1 plus CIK. S-1 was administered orally twice a day at 80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle till disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. CIK was given for one cycle of 28 days. The disease control rate for S-1 and CIK was 40.0 and 53.6%, respectively (p = 0.621). The serum CA19-9 level decreased for more than 25% was significantly different (33.3 and 60.7 % in CT group and immuno-CT group, respectively, p = 0.037). The median time to progression was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3-2.8) and 2.9 (95% CI 2.6-3.2) months (p = 0.037) for CT group and immuno-CT group, respectively. The median overall survival was 6.1 (95% CI 5.7-6.5) and 6.6 (95% CI 6.1-7.1) months (p = 0.09) for CT group and immuno-CT group, respectively. The difference in hematological toxicity, including leukocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia, was insignificant between the two groups. In contrast, the differences in non-hematological toxicity, fatigue, and non-infective fever were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). The S-1 plus CIK regimen was well tolerated in a second-line setting in patients with gemcitabine-refractory and advanced pancreatic cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24122257What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.