ReviewInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2014
The role of the immune system in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a review of clinical and experimental studies.
Review in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of Huaiqihuang granule as adjuvant treatment for primary nephrotic syndrome in children: a meta-analysis and systematic review.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2021Pooled it
- Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in children with nephrotic syndrome.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Trial
- The effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Trial
- The effect of systemic corticosteroids on the innate and adaptive immune system in children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2016Trial
- Toll-like receptor 3 expression and function in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Trial
- Association between anti-nephrin autoantibodies and disease activity in minimal change disease.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral B-cell receptor immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire as a potential biomarker for frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Obinutuzumab for Frequently Relapsing or Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Swollen Feet: Considering the Paradoxical Roles of Interleukins in Nephrotic Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Network-Based Assessment of Minimal Change Disease Identifies Glomerular Response to IL-7 and IL-12 Pathways Activation as Innovative Treatment Target.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Immunoregulatory effects of Huaier (Trametes robiniophila Murr) and relevant clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Change of circulating lymphocyte subsets is related to disease activity and secondary infection in children with primary nephrotic syndrome-a retrospective study.Translational pediatrics · 2022Article
- Rituximab for Steroid-Dependent Minimal Change Disease in Adults: Is It Time for a Change?Cureus · 2022Article
- Adult-onset nephrotic syndrome following coronavirus disease vaccination.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Article
- Trends in pediatric nephrotic syndrome.World journal of nephrology · 2021Review
- Hypomethylation of NLRP3 gene promoter discriminates glucocorticoid-resistant from glucocorticoid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients.Clinical and translational science · 2021Observational
- Plasma Cytokine Profiling to Predict Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Concurrent minimal change nephrotic syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus in an adult Japanese woman: a case report.BMC nephrology · 2020Review
- Human leukocyte antigen association with familial steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a multifactorial disease, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia. Studies in humans and animal models have associated INS with changes in the immune response. The purpose of this article is to review clinical and experimental findings showing the involvement of the immune response in the pathogenesis of INS. The role of the immune system in INS has been shown by clinical and experimental studies. However, the pattern of immune response in patients with INS is still not clearly defined. Many studies show changes in the dynamics of T lymphocytes, especially the regulatory T cells. Alternatively, there are other reports regarding the involvement of the complement system and B lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of INS. Indeed, none of the immunological biomarkers evaluated were undeniably linked to changes in glomerular permeability and proteinuria. On the other hand, some studies suggest a link between urinary chemokines, such as IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2, and changes in glomerular permeability and/or the deterioration of glomerulopathies. To understand the pathophysiology of INS, longitudinal studies are clearly needed. The characterization of the profile of the immune response might help the development of specific and individualized therapies, leading to clinical improvement and better prognosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.