Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24121526›Full record

ArticleNature cell biology2013

Cytonemes are required for the establishment of a normal Hedgehog morphogen gradient in Drosophila epithelia.

Marcus Bischoff, Ana-Citlali Gradilla, Irene Seijo, Germán Andrés, Carmen Rodríguez-Navas, Laura González-Méndez, Isabel Guerrero

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature cell biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
149citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

149 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Heparan sulfate is essential for Drosophila FGF export.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Hedgehog and Drosophila germ cell migration.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Diffusion barriers imposed by tissue topology shape Hedgehog morphogen gradients.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marcus Bischoff *Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.
Ana-Citlali Gradilla *Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
Irene SeijoCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
Germán AndrésCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
Carmen Rodríguez-NavasCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
Laura González-MéndezCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
Isabel GuerreroCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 086986Wellcome Trust 096645Wellcome Trust WG086986Wellcome Trust WT096645MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is important in development, stem cell biology and disease. In a variety of tissues, Hh acts as a morphogen to regulate growth and cell fate specification. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain morphogen movement, one of which is transport along filopodia-like protrusions called cytonemes. Here, we analyse the mechanism underlying Hh movement in the wing disc and the abdominal epidermis of Drosophila melanogaster. We show that, in both epithelia, cells generate cytonemes in regions of Hh signalling. These protrusions are actin-based and span several cell diameters. Various Hh signalling components localize to cytonemes, as well as to punctate structures that move along cytonemes and are probably exovesicles. Using in vivo imaging, we show that cytonemes are dynamic structures and that Hh gradient establishment correlates with cytoneme formation in space and time. Indeed, mutant conditions that affect cytoneme formation reduce both cytoneme length and Hh gradient length. Our results suggest that cytoneme-mediated Hh transport is the mechanistic basis for Hh gradient formation.

Indexed as

AnimalsDrosophila melanogasterDrosophila ProteinsEpithelial CellsHedgehog ProteinsSignal TransductionWings, AnimalDrosophila ProteinsHedgehog Proteinshh protein, Drosophila

Identifiers

PMID24121526
PMCPMC3840581

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.