ArticleNature2013
MX2 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection.
Article in Nature, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 335 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
335 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 497 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- Fatty acid synthesis restricts HIV-1 infection through regulation of the nuclear envelope in CD4+ T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- MxB N-Terminus Adopts a Stable α-Helix to Engage the HIV-1 Capsid Trimer Interface.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Role of SAMHD1 in Viral Resistance and Transduction Efficiency Challenges in Pediatric Hematological Malignancies: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Perspectives.European journal of haematology · 2026Review
- JQKD82 Inhibits HIV Infection of Macrophages Through Blocking Viral Entry and Enhancing Antiviral ISG Responses.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- The antiviral GTPase MxB is packaged into virions and binds via its N-terminal domain to alphaherpesvirus capsids.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The Gut-Immune Axis in Treated HIV Infection: From Mucosal Damage to Chronic Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities-A Clinician-Oriented Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- MX2 Mediates Collapse of the HIV-1 Capsid.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ZFP36L2 is an interferon β -induced inhibitor that restricts the nuclear export of HIV-1 transcripts.Nature communications · 2026Article
- TARDBP as a regulator of HIV-1 assembly and infection: a review of targeting the viral capsid precursor Pr55Gag and limiting viral core entry.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- PRISM-Seq: An Ultra-sensitive Sequencing Approach For Mapping Lentiviral Integration Sites.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Antiviral Responses in Ovine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells During Early Stage of Bluetongue Virus Infection.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The C1QTNF6-MX2 Antiviral Axis Inhibits Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication in Porcine Macrophages.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Ataxin-2-like promotes translation of nonpolyadenylated reovirus mRNA.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- IL-4 downregulates gap junction protein connexin 26 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages.mBio · 2025Article
- Viral interferon antagonism shapes host tropism.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Article
- Progress in Pseudotyping Lentiviral Vectors Towards Cell-Specific Gene Delivery In Vivo.Viruses · 2025Review
- dNTP depletion and beyond: the multifaceted nature of SAMHD1-mediated viral restriction.Journal of virology · 2025Review
275 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 replication can be inhibited by type I interferon (IFN), and the expression of a number of gene products with anti-HIV-1 activity is induced by type I IFN. However, none of the known antiretroviral proteins can account for the ability of type I IFN to inhibit early, preintegration phases of the HIV-1 replication cycle in human cells. Here, by comparing gene expression profiles in cell lines that differ in their ability to support the inhibitory action of IFN-α at early steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle, we identify myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2) as an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection. Expression of MX2 reduces permissiveness to a variety of lentiviruses, whereas depletion of MX2 using RNA interference reduces the anti-HIV-1 potency of IFN-α. HIV-1 reverse transcription proceeds normally in MX2-expressing cells, but 2-long terminal repeat circular forms of HIV-1 DNA are less abundant, suggesting that MX2 inhibits HIV-1 nuclear import, or destabilizes nuclear HIV-1 DNA. Consistent with this notion, mutations in the HIV-1 capsid protein that are known, or suspected, to alter the nuclear import pathways used by HIV-1 confer resistance to MX2, whereas preventing cell division increases MX2 potency. Overall, these findings indicate that MX2 is an effector of the anti-HIV-1 activity of type-I IFN, and suggest that MX2 inhibits HIV-1 infection by inhibiting capsid-dependent nuclear import of subviral complexes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.