ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2013
Maternal infections during pregnancy and cerebral palsy: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Rethinking urinary tract infections in women with abdominal pain in pregnancy: a prospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Ambient air pollution during pregnancy and offspring cerebral palsy.Environment international · 2026Article
- Ambient Toxic Air Contaminants in the Maternal Residential Area during Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Offspring.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- A nationwide longitudinal investigation on the role of prenatal exposure to infectious diseases on the onset of chronic conditions in children and adolescents in Brazil.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Beyond TORCH: A narrative review of the impact of antenatal and perinatal infections on the risk of disability.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Season of Conception and Risk of Cerebral Palsy.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Characterisation of the consequences of maternal immune activation on distinct cell populations in the developing rat spinal cord.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- No Casual Relationship Between T2DM and the Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection: a possible risk for cerebral palsy and related to its clinical features, neuroimaging findings: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Long-term adverse effects of paracetamol - a review.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Review
- The complex aetiology of cerebral palsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2018Review
- Parental socioeconomic status and risk of cerebral palsy in the child: evidence from two Nordic population-based cohorts.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Use of paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin in pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the child.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Modulation of Microglial Activation by Adenosine A2a Receptor in Animal Models of Perinatal Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Tetrahydrobiopterin in antenatal brain hypoxia-ischemia-induced motor impairments and cerebral palsy.Redox biology · 2017Review
- Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child.Pediatric neurology · 2016Article
- Systematic Review of Cerebral Palsy Registries/Surveillance Groups: Relationships between Registry Characteristics and Knowledge Dissemination.International journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor disability in childhood. We examined the association between maternal infections during pregnancy and the risk of congenital CP in the child.
methodsLiveborn singletons in Denmark between 1997 and 2003 were identified from the Danish National Birth Registry and followed from 1 year of life until 2008. Redemption of antibiotics from the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics and maternal infections reported by the National Hospital Register were used as markers of maternal infection during pregnancy. CP diagnoses were obtained from the Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models.
resultsOf the 440 564 singletons with follow-up data, 840 were diagnosed with congenital CP. Maternal genito-urinary tract infections (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.2) were associated with CP in all births, in term births (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2), in children with spastic CP (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.3), and among first-born children (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 3.3). Overall, we found associations between redeemed nitrofurantoin (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1, 2.8) and CP. Among trimester-specific exposures, CP risk was associated with prescriptions redeemed in the first trimester for any antibacterials, beta-lactam antibacterials, and nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat lower urinary tract infection, and genito-urinary tract infections in the third trimester.
conclusionGenito-urinary tract infections and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of CP, indicating that some maternal infections or causes of maternal infections present in prenatal life may be part of a causal pathway leading to CP.
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Registered trials
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