ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2014
No significant effects of smoking or alcohol consumption on risk of Barrett's esophagus.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifestyle interventions can reduce the risk of Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 62 studies involving 250,157 participants.Cancer medicine · 2021Pooled it
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2016Guideline
- Alcohol consumption and the risk of Barrett's esophagus: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Association Between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Increased Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Taiwan: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Causal association between dietary factors and esophageal diseases: A Mendelian randomization study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Influence of Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Erosive Esophagitis in Both Sexes: A Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2022Observational
- Analysis of Barrett's Esophagus and Its Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of 10,122 Subjects at a Japanese Health Examination Center.Digestion · 2022Article
- Review
- Global burden and epidemiology of Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hernia in Patients With Rectus Abdominis Diastasis: A 10-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study.Frontiers in surgery · 2021Article
- Alcohol consumption and the risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia in a U.S. Veterans population.PloS one · 2021Article
- Risk Prediction Models for Barrett's Esophagus Discriminate Well and Are Generalizable in an External Validation Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2020Article
- Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus in young adults who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a health examination center.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: How Common Are They Really?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2018Review
- Influence of hiatal hernia and male sex on the relationship between alcohol intake and occurrence of Barrett's esophagus.PloS one · 2018Article
- Oesophageal cancer.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2017Review
- Risk Factors for Barrett's Oesophagus.Gastrointestinal tumors · 2016Review
- Alcohol consumption and corresponding factors: A novel perspective on the risk factors of esophageal cancer.Oncology letters · 2016Article
- Risk Profiles for Barrett's Esophagus Differ between New and Prevalent, and Long- and Short-Segment Cases.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking, but not higher alcohol consumption, is associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to EAC. However, it is still unclear whether smoking or alcohol is implicated in the development of BE.
aimTo evaluate the associations between smoking, alcohol and the risk of BE.
methodsThe study included eligible patients scheduled for elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and a sample of patients eligible for screening colonoscopy recruited from primary care clinics. We compared 258 patients with definitive BE with two separate control groups: 453 patients from the primary care group ("colonoscopy controls") and 1,145 patients from the elective EGD group ("endoscopy controls") with no endoscopic or histopathologic BE. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) using multivariable logistic regression models.
resultsSeventy-seven percent of BE cases, 75 % of colonoscopy controls and 72 % of endoscopy controls were ever smokers. Of these, approximately 45 % were current smokers. Overall, 91 % of study participants were ex or current alcohol drinkers, with the majority drinking beer. We found no association between various measure of smoking exposure (status, intensity, age at initiation, duration, pack-years and cessation) and risk of BE. Alcohol consumption was not associated with increased risk of BE. Conversely, moderate intake was associated with lower risk (14 to <28 drinks/week, OR 0.39, 95 % CI 0.15-1.00).
conclusionSmoking and alcohol were not strong or consistent risk factors for BE. The likely role of smoking in increasing risk of EAC is through promoting progression from BE to cancer.
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