ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2013
Characterization of apoptosis induced by emodin and related regulatory mechanisms in human neuroblastoma cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycotoxin toxicity and its alleviation strategy on female mammalian reproduction and fertility.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Effects and regulatory mechanisms of bisphenol a on the increases apoptosis and decreases differentiation potential in mouse embryonic stem cells.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- The Activity of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives in Nervous System Cancers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chemoprevention of neuroblastoma: progress and promise beyond uncertainties.Journal of cancer metastasis and treatment · 2023Article
- Molecular mechanisms and associated cell signalling pathways underlying the anticancer properties of phytochemical compounds fromExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
- Aloe and its Effects on Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review.The East African health research journal · 2021Review
- Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Herb-sourced emodin inhibits angiogenesis of breast cancer by targeting VEGFA transcription.Theranostics · 2020Article
- Emodin Exerts an Antiapoptotic Effect on Human Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia K562 Cell Lines by Targeting the PTEN/PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Deleting BCR-ABL.Integrative cancer therapies · 2017Article
- Polyphyllin D, a steroidal saponin in Paris polyphylla, induces apoptosis and necroptosis cell death of neuroblastoma cells.Pediatric surgery international · 2017Article
- Article
- EMODIN EFFICACY ON THE AKT, MAPK, ERK AND DNMT EXPRESSION PATTERN DURING DMBA-INDUCED ORAL CARCINOMA IN GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTERS.African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM · 2016Article
- Emodin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in the rat model.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Article
- Emodin-induced cell cycle arrest: A promising approach for cancer therapy (Review).Medicine internationalReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), a major constituent of rhubarb, has a wide range of therapeutic applications. Recent studies have shown that emodin can induce or prevent cell apoptosis, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Experiments from the current study revealed that emodin (10-20 μM) induces apoptotic processes in the human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32, but exerts no injury effects at treatment doses below 10 μM. Treatment with emodin at concentrations of 10-20 μM led to a direct increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in IMR-32 cells, along with significant elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium and nitric oxide (NO) levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activation of caspases-9 and -3, and cell death. Pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) scavengers suppressed the apoptotic biochemical changes induced by 20 μM emodin, and attenuated emodin-induced p53 and p21 expression involved in apoptotic signaling. Our results collectively indicate that emodin at concentrations of 10-20 μM triggers apoptosis of IMR-32 cells via a mechanism involving both ROS and NO. Based on the collective results, we propose a model for an emodin-triggered apoptotic signaling cascade that sequentially involves ROS, Ca²⁺, NO, p53, caspase-9 and caspase-3.
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