ArticleAIDS (London, England)2013
Disease progression by infecting HIV-1 subtype in a seroconverter cohort in sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reservoir differences across HIV-1 subtypes: a systematic review to guide cure research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Current and historic HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in paediatric and adult population from Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Trial
- HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system during cryptococcal meningitis: Analysis of viral, fungal, and host factors.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Virologic, immunologic, and metabolic outcomes and mortality in people with HIV on bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate versus dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapies: a retrospective multicenter cohort study in China.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Autovaccination revisited: potential to boost antiviral immunity and facilitate HIV-1 cure/remission in children.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Prediction of the Co-receptor usage of the main worldwide HIV-1 subtypes, CRF, and CRF35-AD in Iranian patients via the five genotypic tools.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of viral phenotype and inflammatory biomarker responses in acute HIV-1 subtype A and C infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The Proviral Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- HLA-A*23 Is Associated With Lower Odds of Acute Retroviral Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: A Multicenter Sub-Saharan African Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Long-term non-progression and risk factors for disease progression among children living with HIV in Botswana and Uganda: A retrospective cohort study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- HIV-1 subtypes maintain distinctive physicochemical signatures in Nef domains associated with immunoregulation.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2023Article
- HIV-1 Disease Progression and Drug Resistance Mutations among Children on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Per-pathogen virulence of HIV-1 subtypes A, C and D.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Cohort-Specific Peptide Reagents Broaden Depth and Breadth Estimates of the CD8 T Cell Response to HIV-1 Gag Potential T Cell Epitopes.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Exposure to common infections may shape basal immunity and potentially HIV-1 acquisition amongst a high-risk population in Coastal Kenya.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Systematic post-mortem analysis of brain tissue from an HIV-1 subtype C viremic decedent revealed a paucity of infection and pathology.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Infection with HIV-1 subtype D among acutely infected Ugandans is associated with higher median concentration of cytokines compared to subtype A.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Cross-reactivity of glycan-reactive HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies with parasite glycans.Cell reports · 2022Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe immunologic, virologic, and clinical HIV disease progression by HIV-1 subtype among Africans with well documented estimated dates of HIV infection (EDIs).
designProspective cohort.
methodsAdults and youth with documented HIV-1 infection in the past 12 months were recruited from seroincidence cohorts in East and Southern Africa and followed at 3-6 month intervals. Blood for lymphocyte subset and viral load determination was collected at each visit. Pol was sequenced from the first positive specimen to ascertain subtype. Preantiretroviral therapy disease progression was measured by three time-to-event endpoints: CD4 cell count 350 cells/μl or less, viral load measurement at least 1 × 10 copies/ml, and clinical AIDS.
resultsFrom 2006 to 2011, 615 participants were enrolled at nine research centers in Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia; 579 (94.1%) had viral subtyping completed. Predominant subtypes were C (256, 44.2%), A (209, 36.1%), and D (84, 14.5%). After adjustment for age, sex, and human leukocyte antigen alleles in Cox regression analyses, subtype C-infected participants progressed faster than subtype A to all three endpoints [CD4 hazard ratio 1.60, 95% (confidence interval) CI 1.16, 2.20; viral load hazard ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.12, 2.25; and AIDS hazard ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.11, 2.31). Subtype D-infected participants reached high viral load more rapidly (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.01, 2.57) and progressed nearly twice as fast to AIDS compared to subtype A (hazard ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.21, 3.09).
conclusionSubtype-specific differences in HIV disease progression suggest that the local subtype distribution be considered when planning HIV programs and designing and defining clinical endpoints for HIV prevention trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.