ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2013
Physiological noise in brainstem FMRI.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neural correlates of acute task-related stress in humans: a systematic review and coordinate-based ALE meta-analysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- A decade of test-retest reliability of functional connectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage · 2019Pooled it
- A resting state fMRI analysis pipeline for pooling inference across diverse cohorts: an ENIGMA rs-fMRI protocol.Brain imaging and behavior · 2019Pooled it
- Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Dyspnea-related cues engage the prefrontal cortex: evidence from functional brain imaging in COPD.Chest · 2015Trial
- Astrocyte reactivity modifies the effects of locus coeruleus norepinephrine-related dysfunction on tau and its impact on cognition.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Pupil size is linked to opposite signal fluctuations between cortical BOLD and ventricular CSF.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Reducing Noise Induced by Cardiac Pulsatility in Brain Maps of RNMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Thalamic involvement defines distinct slow-wave subtypes in NREM sleep.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Structure-function coupling in the human brainstem.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- EEG and IMU Gait Signal Processing: A Comparative Assessment of the "Reza" Exponential Filter and Classical Filters.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Probabilistic mapping and automated segmentation of human brainstem white matter bundles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- ISME-incoherent sampling of multi-echo data to minimize cardiac-induced noise in brain maps ofMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Functional Connectivity Within the Central Autonomic Network Increases During Resonance Paced Breathing at 0.1 Hz.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune mechanisms of the cerebellum-brainstem network in autoimmune encephalitis and related neuroimmune disorders: antibody targets, selective vulnerability, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Functional fractionation of large-scale brain networks in the human subcortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Subcortical Hubs of Brain Networks Sustaining Human Consciousness.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Thalamic involvement defines distinct slow-wave subtypes in NREM sleep.Research square · 2025Article
- First Application of a Novel Brain Template: Motor Training Improves Cortico-cerebellar Connectivity in Cerebellar Ataxia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The brainstem is directly involved in controlling blood pressure, respiration, sleep/wake cycles, pain modulation, motor, and cardiac output. As such it is of significant basic science and clinical interest. However, the brainstem's location close to major arteries and adjacent pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid filled spaces, means that it is difficult to reliably record functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from. These physiological sources of noise generate time varying signals in fMRI data, which if left uncorrected can obscure signals of interest. In this Methods Article we will provide a practical introduction to the techniques used to correct for the presence of physiological noise in time series fMRI data. Techniques based on independent measurement of the cardiac and respiratory cycles, such as retrospective image correction (RETROICOR, Glover et al., 2000), will be described and their application and limitations discussed. The impact of a physiological noise model, implemented in the framework of the general linear model, on resting fMRI data acquired at 3 and 7 T is presented. Data driven approaches based such as independent component analysis (ICA) are described. MR acquisition strategies that attempt to either minimize the influence of physiological fluctuations on recorded fMRI data, or provide additional information to correct for their presence, will be mentioned. General advice on modeling noise sources, and its effect on statistical inference via loss of degrees of freedom, and non-orthogonality of regressors, is given. Lastly, different strategies for assessing the benefit of different approaches to physiological noise modeling are presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.