ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2013
Transcriptional regulation by Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) in pathogenic bacteria.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 284 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
284 citing papers in PubMed, 482 citations in OpenAlex.
- Participation of the Transcriptional Regulator Fur in Modulating Biofilm Formation of the Salmonid PathogenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Zur-dependent regulatory RNA involved in maintaining zinc homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- When, where, and why specialised metabolites are produced: inferring function from expression control.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- ClpC1-dependent iron homeostasis underlies mycobacterial defense against oxygen-driven Fenton reaction during reactivation.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- From the Cosmos to the Cell: The Central Role of Iron in the Chemistry and Evolution of Life.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Regulating microbial cell factories to resist ROS stress in chemical production.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Implications of bacterial exposure to reactive oxygen and chlorine species.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Ecological and dietary strategies to constrain Clostridioides difficile.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- Heterologous iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and delivery for cytosolic isobutanol and isopentanol production inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Operonic architecture of bacterial metal response: envelope constraints, evolutionary mobility, and bioremediation design rules.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Dietary iron and metal-based growth promoters differentially modulate the gut resistome and Escherichia coli virulome in weaned pigs.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- EnvZ/OmpR-driven cooperative behavior promotes cefiderocol resistance in a hanging-droplet evolution system.Science advances · 2026Article
- Two ferric uptake regulator proteins inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Laboratory strategies for the identification of Burkholderia species: From classical phenotyping to advanced genomic and proteomic approaches.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Molecular Adaptations of Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) Proteins Drive Iron Homeostasis and Pathogenesis in Vibrio Spp.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Mobile-CRISPRi as a tool for genetic manipulation in the intracellular pathogenApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic analysis reveals multi-level resistance network linking oxidative stress pathway mutations to cefiderocol resistance and clonal evolution inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Protein-centric mechanisms of typhoidalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The CRISPR/Cas-associated scaRNA modulatesmicroLife · 2026Article
- The dual implications of iron homeostasis as a bacterial threat: its roles in virulence and antimicrobial resistance.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the ancient anaerobic environment, ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) was one of the first metal cofactors. Oxygenation of the ancient world challenged bacteria to acquire the insoluble ferric iron (Fe(3+)) and later to defend against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the Fenton chemistry. To acquire Fe(3+), bacteria produce low-molecular weight compounds, known as siderophores, which have extremely high affinity for Fe(3+). However, during infection the host restricts iron from pathogens by producing iron- and siderophore-chelating proteins, by exporting iron from intracellular pathogen-containing compartments, and by limiting absorption of dietary iron. Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) is a transcription factor which utilizes Fe(2+) as a corepressor and represses siderophore synthesis in pathogens. Fur, directly or indirectly, controls expression of enzymes that protect against ROS damage. Thus, the challenges of iron homeostasis and defense against ROS are addressed via Fur. Although the role of Fur as a repressor is well-documented, emerging evidence demonstrates that Fur can function as an activator. Fur activation can occur through three distinct mechanisms (1) indirectly via small RNAs, (2) binding at cis regulatory elements that enhance recruitment of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (RNAP), and (3) functioning as an antirepressor by removing or blocking DNA binding of a repressor of transcription. In addition, Fur homologs control defense against peroxide stress (PerR) and control uptake of other metals such as zinc (Zur) and manganese (Mur) in pathogenic bacteria. Fur family members are important for virulence within bacterial pathogens since mutants of fur, perR, or zur exhibit reduced virulence within numerous animal and plant models of infection. This review focuses on the breadth of Fur regulation in pathogenic bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.