ReviewToxins2013
Saporin-S6: a useful tool in cancer therapy.
Review in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's Special Issue Series: Biomedicines (2nd Edition).Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins fromBiomedicines · 2026Article
- A proimmunotoxin nanodrug targeting AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Improving Cytotoxicity of Saporin with Saponin SO1406 Isolated from the Roots of Saponaria Officinalis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Photochemical enhancement of PD-L1-SAP immunotoxin efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Streptavidin-drug conjugates streamline optimization of antibody-based hematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning.Blood immunology & cellular therapy · 2025Article
- Programmable protein ligation on cell surfaces.Nature · 2025Article
- Peptide coacervates as intracellular delivery vehicles for synergistic cancer photothermal- and chemo-therapies.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Ribosome-Inactivating Protein-Containing Immunotoxins in 2D and 3D Models of Sarcoma.Toxins · 2025Article
- CD320 Receptor and Vitamin B12 as Potential Targets for Anti-Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeted depletion of dysfunctional hematopoietic stem cells mitigates myeloid-biased differentiation in aged mice.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- Exploring two tumor treatment strategies: effectiveness of ribosome inactivating proteins and mesenchymal stem cells/MSC derived extracellular vesicles in cancer treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Women's Special Issue Series: Biomedicines.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Cell surface sculpting using logic-gated protein actuators.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Hosts and Heterologous Expression Strategies of Recombinant Toxins for Therapeutic Purposes.Toxins · 2023Review
- New Insights on Saporin Resistance to Chemical Derivatization with Heterobifunctional Reagents.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis?Chemical Society reviews · 2023Review
- Tumor-specific intracellular delivery: peptide-guided transport of a catalytic toxin.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thirty years ago, the type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) saporin-S6 (also known as saporin) was isolated from Saponaria officinalis L. seeds. Since then, the properties and mechanisms of action of saporin-S6 have been well characterized, and it has been widely employed in the construction of conjugates and immunotoxins for different purposes. These immunotoxins have shown many interesting results when used in cancer therapy, particularly in hematological tumors. The high enzymatic activity, stability and resistance to conjugation procedures and blood proteases make saporin-S6 a very useful tool in cancer therapy. High efficacy has been reported in clinical trials with saporin-S6-containing immunotoxins, at dosages that induced only mild and transient side effects, which were mainly fever, myalgias, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia and vascular leak syndrome. Moreover, saporin-S6 triggers multiple cell death pathways, rendering impossible the selection of RIP-resistant mutants. In this review, some aspects of saporin-S6, such as the chemico-physical characteristics, the structural properties, its endocytosis, its intracellular routing and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the cell damage, are reported. In addition, the recent progress and developments of saporin-S6-containing immunotoxins in cancer immunotherapy are summarized, including in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.