Observational studyObstetrics and gynecology2013
Twenty-four-month continuation of reversible contraception.
Observational study in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01986439 (The Contraceptive Choice Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Contraceptive Choice Project
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Discontinuation rates of intrauterine contraception due to unfavourable bleeding: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on clinical effectiveness, side-effect profile and meta-analysis on continuation rate of etonogestrel contraceptive implant.Reproductive health · 2021Pooled it
- Family Planning Reminder Systems: An Updated Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Effects of structured contraceptive counseling in young women: Secondary analyses of a cluster randomized controlled trial (the LOWE trial).Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Trial
- Not seeking yet trying long-acting reversible contraception: a 24-month randomized trial on continuation, unintended pregnancy and satisfaction.Contraception · 2018Trial
- Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Counseling and Use for Older Adolescents and Nulliparous Women.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Association of Progestin Contraceptive Implant and Weight Gain.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Trial
- Rationale and enrollment results for a partially randomized patient preference trial to compare continuation rates of short-acting and long-acting reversible contraception.Contraception · 2015Trial
- Exploring the Relationship Between Medicine Related Beliefs and Side-Effect Experience Among White Oral Contraceptive Users in the UK.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2025Article
- Risk of early etonogestrel and levonorgestrel implant discontinuation in adolescents and adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Couple-Years of Protection Indicator: New Global Guidance for Updating Existing Methods and Adding New Methods.Global health, science and practice · 2024Review
- Education level, contraceptive communication, and IUD use among rural-to-urban migrants in China: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Descriptive study of the real-world, long-term cost estimates and duration of use for hormonal and nonhormonal intrauterine devices using US commercial insurance claims.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
- An Interpretative Study of LARCs Discontinuation in Ethiopia: The Experiences of Women Accessing Contraceptives in Selected Public Health Facilities.Open access journal of contraception · 2023Article
- Continuation rates of two different-sized copper intrauterine devices among nulliparous women: Interim 12-month results of a single-blind, randomised, multicentre trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Sexual Functioning, Satisfaction, and Well-Being Among Contraceptive Users: A Three-Month Assessment From the HER Salt Lake Contraceptive Initiative.Journal of sex research · 2022Article
- A prospective analysis of the relationship between sexual acceptability and contraceptive satisfaction over time.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate 24-month continuation rates of all reversible contraceptive methods for women enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project.
methodsWe analyzed 24-month data from the 9,256 participants enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project, a prospective observational cohort study that provides no-cost contraception to women in the St. Louis region. The project promoted the use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) (intrauterine devices [IUDs] and implants) in an effort to reduce the rates of unintended pregnancy. This analysis includes participants who received their baseline contraceptive method within 3 months of enrollment and who completed a 24-month follow-up survey (N=6,153).
resultsTwenty-four month continuation rates for long-acting reversible contraception and non-LARC methods were 77% and 41%, respectively. Continuation rates for the levonorgestrel and the copper IUDs were similar (79% compared with 77%), whereas the implant continuation rate was significantly lower (69%, P<.001) compared with IUDs at 24 months. There was no statistically significant difference in 24-month continuation rates among the four non-LARC methods (oral contraceptive pill [OCP] 43%, patch 40%, ring 41%, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA] 38%; P=.72). Participants who chose a LARC method at enrollment were at significantly lower risk of contraceptive method discontinuation (adjusted hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.26-0.32) compared with women who selected a non-LARC method.
conclusionIntrauterine devices and the implant have the highest rates of continuation at 24 months. Given their effectiveness and high continuation rates, IUDs and implants should be first-line contraceptive options and shorter-acting methods such as OCPs, patch, ring, and DMPA should be second tier. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.