ArticleVirulence2013
Seasonal H3N2 influenza A virus fails to enhance Staphylococcus aureus co-infection in a non-human primate respiratory tract infection model.
Article in Virulence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic Models of Virus-Bacteria Co-Infections in Humans: A Systematic Review of Methods and Assumptions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Best Practices in the Development and Use of Experimental Models of Bacterial Pneumonia: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- A stable systemic infection of methicillin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Exebacase: A Novel Approach to the Treatment of Staphylococcal Infections.Drugs in R&D · 2022Review
- Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection.iScience · 2022Article
- Review
- Non-human primate models of human respiratory infections.Molecular immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
- Studying Staphylococcal Leukocidins: A Challenging Endeavor.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Nonhuman primate species as models of human bacterial sepsis.Lab animal · 2019Review
- Influenza interaction with cocirculating pathogens and its impact on surveillance, pathogenesis, and epidemic profile: A key role for mathematical modelling.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Phenol-Soluble Modulin Peptides Contribute to Influenza A Virus-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Port d'Entrée for Respiratory Infections - Does the Influenza A Virus Pave the Way for Bacteria?Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Mechanisms of Severe Mortality-Associated Bacterial Co-infections Following Influenza Virus Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Influenza A and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection in rhesus macaques - A model of severe pneumonia.Antiviral research · 2016Article
- The use of nonhuman primates in research on seasonal, pandemic and avian influenza, 1893-2014.Antiviral research · 2015Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia is often associated with influenza or an influenza-like syndrome. Morbidity and mortality due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or influenza and pneumonia, which includes bacterial co-infection, are among the top causes of death by infectious diseases in the United States. We developed a non-lethal influenza A virus (IAV) (H3N2)/S. aureus co-infection model in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to test the hypothesis that seasonal IAV infection predisposes non-human primates to severe S. aureus pneumonia. Infection and disease progression were monitored by clinical assessment of animal health; analysis of blood chemistry, nasal swabs, and X-rays; and gross pathology and histopathology of lungs from infected animals. Seasonal IAV infection in healthy cynomolgus macaques caused mild pneumonia, but unexpectedly, did not predispose these animals to subsequent severe infection with the community-associated MRSA clone USA300. We conclude that in our co-infection model, seasonal IAV infection alone is not sufficient to promote severe S. aureus pneumonia in otherwise healthy non-human primates. The implication of these findings is that comorbidity factors in addition to IAV infection are required to predispose individuals to secondary S. aureus pneumonia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.