Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24103083›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2013

Comparing actual and perceived causes of fever among community members in a low malaria transmission setting in northern Tanzania.

Julian T Hertz, O Michael Munishi, Joanne P Sharp, Elizabeth A Reddy, John A Crump

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Health Beliefs and Patient Perspectives of Febrile Illness in Kilombero, Tanzania.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.

Julian T HertzDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
O Michael Munishi
Joanne P Sharp
Elizabeth A Reddy
John A Crump
Duke University · USKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre · TZUniversity of Glasgow · GB

Funding

Social and Behavioral Sciences CoreP30AI064518 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Nwora Lance Okeke · 2005 to 2026
$50.5M
Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Support Center @ Vanderbilt-AAMCR24TW007988 · FIC · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI VERMUND, STEN H. · 2007 to 2011
$27.6M
Viral and Host Determinants of HIV-1 TransmissionU01AI067854 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HAYNES, BARTON F · 2005 to 2005
$14.9M
HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials UnitU01AI069484 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BARTLETT, JOHN A · 2007 to 2011
$14.6M
International Clinical Trials UnitU01AI062563 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BARTLETT, JOHN A · 2004 to 2007
$4.0M
AIDS International Training and Research ProgramD43TW006732 · FIC · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BARTLETT, JOHN A · 2004 to 2012
$2.7M
The Impact and Society Ecology of Bacterial Zoonoses in Northern Tanzania: UnderR01TW009237 · FIC · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CRUMP, JOHN ANDREW · 2011 to 2014
$1.7M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/J010367/1FIC NIH HHS D43 TW006732FIC NIH HHS R01 TW009237FIC NIH HHS R01TW009237FIC NIH HHS R24 TW007988NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI064518NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI062563NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI067854NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069484PHS HHS D43 PA-03-018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare actual and perceived causes of fever in northern Tanzania.

methodsIn a standardised survey, heads of households in 30 wards in Moshi, Tanzania, were asked to identify the most common cause of fever for children and for adults. Responses were compared to data from a local hospital-based fever aetiology study that used standard diagnostic techniques.

resultsOf 810 interviewees, the median (range) age was 48 (16, 102) years and 509 (62.8%) were women. Malaria was the most frequently identified cause of fever, cited by 353 (43.6%) and 459 (56.7%) as the most common cause of fever for children and adults, respectively. In contrast, malaria accounted for 8 (2.0%) of adult and 6 (1.3%) of paediatric febrile admissions in the fever aetiology study. Weather was the second most frequently cited cause of fever. Participants who identified a non-biomedical explanation such as weather as the most common cause of fever were more likely to prefer a traditional healer for treatment of febrile adults (OR 2.7, P < 0.001). Bacterial zoonoses were the most common cause of fever among inpatients, but no interviewees identified infections from animal contact as the most common cause of fever for adults; two (0.2%) identified these infections as the most common cause of fever for children.

conclusionsMalaria is perceived to be a much more common cause of fever than hospital studies indicate, whereas other important diseases are under-appreciated in northern Tanzania. Belief in non-biomedical explanations of fever is common locally and has important public health consequences.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePerceptionWeatherAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsChildFemaleFeverHumansInterviews as TopicMalariaMaleMedicine, African TraditionalAfricabeliefsfevermalariaTanzania

Identifiers

PMID24103083
PMCPMC3943636
OpenAlexW1995993466

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.