ArticleJournal of anatomy2013
Three-dimensional skeletal kinematics of the shoulder girdle and forelimb in walking Alligator.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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43 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Hindlimb and pelvic anatomy of Caiman yacare (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia): Myology and osteological correlates with emphasis on lower leg and autopodial musculature.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Modern three-dimensional digital methods for studying locomotor biomechanics in tetrapods.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Review
- Convergent evolution of quadrupedality in ornithischian dinosaurs was achieved through disparate forelimb muscle mechanics.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
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- Musculoskeletal modeling of sprawling and parasagittal forelimbs provides insight into synapsid postural transition.iScience · 2022Article
- A Guide to Inverse Kinematic Marker-Guided Rotoscoping Using IK Solvers.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Determination of muscle strength and function in plesiosaur limbs: finite element structural analyses ofPeerJ · 2022Article
- Musculoskeletal modelling of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) hindlimb: Effects of limb posture on leverage during terrestrial locomotion.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Alligators employ intermetatarsal reconfiguration to modulate plantigrade ground contact.The Journal of experimental biology · 2021Article
- Evolution of forelimb musculoskeletal function across the fish-to-tetrapod transition.Science advances · 2021Article
- Validation of an Echidna Forelimb Musculoskeletal Model Using XROMM and diceCT.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crocodylians occupy a key phylogenetic position for investigations of archosaur locomotor evolution. Compared to the well-studied hindlimb, relatively little is known about the skeletal movements and mechanics of the forelimb. In this study, we employed manual markerless XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology) to measure detailed 3-D kinematics of the shoulder girdle and forelimb bones of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) walking on a treadmill. Digital models of the interclavicle, scapulocoracoid, humerus, radius and ulna were created using a 3-D laser scanner. Models were articulated and aligned to simultaneously recorded frames of fluoroscopic and standard light video to reconstruct and measure joint motion. Joint coordinate systems were established for the coracosternal, glenohumeral and elbow joints. Our analysis revealed that the limb joints only account for about half of fore/aft limb excursion; the remaining excursion results from shoulder girdle movements and lateral bending of the vertebral column. Considerable motion of each scapulocoracoid relative to the vertebral column is consistent with coracosternal mobility. The hemisellar design of the glenohumeral joint permits some additional translation, or sliding in the fore-aft plane, but this movement does not have much of an effect on the distal excursion of the bone.
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