Trial reportTelemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association2013
Comparing the effectiveness of telemedicine and traditional surveillance in providing diabetic retinopathy screening examinations: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of screening modalities for early detection of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of tele-ophthalmology, AI-based tools, and conventional methods.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Digital Health Behavior Strategies on Type 2 Diabetes Management: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Quality improvement strategies for diabetes care: Effects on outcomes for adults living with diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Tele-Ophthalmology for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2018Pooled it
- Interventions to increase attendance for diabetic retinopathy screening.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Telemedicine Use in Rural Native American Communities in the Era of the ACA: a Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical systems · 2016Pooled it
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detection of macular oedema in patients with diabetic retinopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Autonomous artificial intelligence increases screening and follow-up for diabetic retinopathy in youth: the ACCESS randomized control trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of Teleretinal Imaging-Based Hospital Referral Compared With Universal Referral in Identifying Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy Using a Portable, Noncontact, Nonmydriatic Handheld Retinal Camera.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2017Trial
- Long-term Comparative Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Providing Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Examinations: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2015Trial
- Predicting adherence to diabetic eye examinations: development of the compliance withAnnual Diabetic Eye Exams Survey.Ophthalmology · 2014Trial
- Implementing Diabetic Eye Care in Rural Primary Care Through Teleophthalmology and Pop-Up Clinics: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Health care science · 2026Review
- Integrating Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, and Digital Health: A Bibliometric Analysis of Telemedicine for Diabetic Retinopathy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Telemedicine for diabetic retinopathy screening.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Among Federally Qualified Health Center Patients Using Point-of-Care AI: DRES-POCAI: A Trial Protocol.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Validation of diagnostic accuracy of retinal image grading by trained non-ophthalmologist grader for detecting diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effectiveness of telemedicine for providing diabetic retinopathy screening examinations compared with the effectiveness of traditional surveillance in community health clinics with a high proportion of minorities, including American Indian/Alaska Natives. SUBJECTS AND
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial and assigned diabetic participants to one of two groups: (1) telemedicine with a nonmydriatic camera or (2) traditional surveillance with an eye care provider. For those receiving telemedicine, the criteria for requiring follow-up with an eye care provider were (1) moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy or higher, (2) presence of clinically significant macular edema, or (3) "unable to grade" result for diabetic retinopathy or macular edema.
resultsThe telemedicine group (n=296) was more likely to receive a diabetic retinopathy screening examination within the first year of enrollment compared with the traditional surveillance group (n=271) (94% versus 56%, p<0.001). The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy at baseline was 21.4%, and macular edema was present in 1.4% of participants. In the telemedicine group, 20.5% would require further evaluation with an eye care provider, and 86% of these referrals were because of poor-quality digital images.
conclusionsTelemedicine using nonmydriatic cameras increased the proportion of participants who obtained diabetic retinopathy screening examinations, and most did not require follow-up with an eye care provider. Telemedicine may be a more effective way to screen patients for diabetic retinopathy and to triage further evaluation with an eye care provider. Methods to decrease poor quality imaging would improve the effectiveness of telemedicine for diabetic retinopathy screening examinations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.