Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24101518›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013

Water's second glass transition.

Katrin Amann-Winkel, Catalin Gainaru, Philip H Handle, Markus Seidl, Helge Nelson, Roland Böhmer, Thomas Loerting

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Direct observation of liquid-liquid phase coexistence in deeply supercooled water using an accurate polarizable multipole model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Single-Molecule 3D Nanoscopy for Application to Cryofixed Samples.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Multitude of glasses of water.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Complexity of confined water vitrification and its glass transition temperature.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Evidence of ferroelectric features in low-density supercooled water from ab initio deep neural-network simulations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Surface premelting of ice far below the triple point.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Glass Polymorphism in Hyperquenched Aqueous LiCl Solutions.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Using coherent X-rays to follow dynamics in amorphous ices.Environmental science: atmospheres · 2022
    Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katrin Amann-WinkelInstitute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Catalin Gainaru
Philip H Handle
Markus Seidl
Helge Nelson
Roland Böhmer
Thomas Loerting

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The glassy states of water are of common interest as the majority of H2O in space is in the glassy state and especially because a proper description of this phenomenon is considered to be the key to our understanding why liquid water shows exceptional properties, different from all other liquids. The occurrence of water's calorimetric glass transition of low-density amorphous ice at 136 K has been discussed controversially for many years because its calorimetric signature is very feeble. Here, we report that high-density amorphous ice at ambient pressure shows a distinct calorimetric glass transitions at 116 K and present evidence that this second glass transition involves liquid-like translational mobility of water molecules. This "double Tg scenario" is related to the coexistence of two liquid phases. The calorimetric signature of the second glass transition is much less feeble, with a heat capacity increase at Tg,2 about five times as large as at Tg,1. By using broadband-dielectric spectroscopy we resolve loss peaks yielding relaxation times near 100 s at 126 K for low-density amorphous ice and at 110 K for high-density amorphous ice as signatures of these two distinct glass transitions. Temperature-dependent dielectric data and heating-rate-dependent calorimetric data allow us to construct the relaxation map for the two distinct phases of water and to extract fragility indices m = 14 for the low-density and m = 20-25 for the high-density liquid. Thus, low-density liquid is classified as the strongest of all liquids known ("superstrong"), and also high-density liquid is classified as a strong liquid.

Indexed as

FreezingModels, ChemicalPhase TransitionCalorimetrySpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredWaterX-Ray DiffractionWaterdielectric relaxationdifferential scanning calorimetrypolyamorphismsupercooled water

Identifiers

PMID24101518
PMCPMC3816484

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.