ReviewCurrent opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care2013
Ghrelin: much more than a hunger hormone.
Review in Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review: Does Exercise Training Influence Ghrelin Levels?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Food addiction and psychiatric comorbidities: a review of current evidence.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2021Pooled it
- No Effect of High Eating Frequency Compared with Low Eating Frequency on Appetite and Inflammation Biomarkers: Results from a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Neuroendocrine Response to Exogenous Ghrelin Administration, Combined With Alcohol, in Heavy-Drinking Individuals: Findings From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Laboratory Study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Wheat Protein Hydrolysate Fortified With l-Arginine Enhances Satiation Induced by the Capsaicinoid Nonivamide in Moderately Overweight Male Subjects.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2019Trial
- Pharmacological manipulation of the ghrelin system and alcohol hangover symptoms in heavy drinking individuals: Is there a link?Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Trial
- Unacylated ghrelin and obestatin: promising biomarkers of protein energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2018Trial
- Effects of meal timing on changes in circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acylated ghrelin concentrations: a pilot study.Nutrition & diabetes · 2017Trial
- International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Review
- Circulating Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1, and Vaspin Levels Across Glycemic Control Categories in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Preliminary investigation of ghrelin in horses and ponies: receptor expression and associations with prandial state, morphometry and signalment.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia, cachexia and frailty in older cats: Mechanisms, assessment and therapeutic considerations.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Review
- Humanin Restores Metabolic Hormone Homeostasis of Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin and Asprosin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation attenuates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2026Article
- Mechano responsiveness of neuroimmune cross-talk in bone and joints: A narrative review with implications for force-based manipulations.Musculoskeletal science & practice · 2026Review
- 450-nm Blue Laser-Induced Gastric Mucosal Ablation Promotes Short-Term Weight Loss and Metabolic Benefits in Rats with Obesity.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling.Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Beyond Hunger: The Structure, Signaling, and Systemic Roles of Ghrelin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewGhrelin is a multifaceted gut hormone that activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin's hallmark functions are its stimulatory effects on growth hormone release, food intake and fat deposition. Ghrelin is famously known as the 'hunger hormone'. However, ample recent literature indicates that the functions of ghrelin go well beyond its role as an orexigenic signal. Here, we have reviewed some of the most recent findings on ghrelin and its signalling in animals and humans. RECENT
findingsGhrelin regulates glucose homeostasis by inhibiting insulin secretion and regulating gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis. Ghrelin signalling decreases thermogenesis to regulate energy expenditure. Ghrelin improves the survival prognosis of myocardial infarction by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Ghrelin prevents muscle atrophy by inducing muscle differentiation and fusion. Ghrelin regulates bone formation and metabolism by modulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. SUMMARY: In addition to ghrelin's effects on appetite and adiposity, ghrelin signalling also plays crucial roles in glucose and energy homeostasis, cardioprotection, muscle atrophy and bone metabolism. These multifaceted roles of ghrelin make ghrelin and GHS-R highly attractive targets for drug development. Ghrelin mimetics may be used to treat heart diseases, muscular dystrophy/sarcopenia and osteoporosis; GHS-R antagonists may be used to treat obesity and insulin resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.