ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
The inhibitory effects of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domain from ginseng pectin on galectin-3 and its structure-activity relationship.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fruit Wastes as a Valuable Source of Value-Added Compounds: A Collaborative Perspective.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Ginseng polysaccharides: Structures-based classification and biological activities-A review.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Developing Galectin-3-Targeted Therapeutics in Diseases: Three Distinct Galectin-3 Segments for Targeting.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Comparative characterization of pectin fractions from pomegranate peel: Structure-Function relationships.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Ginseng Biomacromolecules: Integrating Nutrition and Health, a New Direction in Phytomedicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- In vitro and in silico studies of anticancer activities of pectic acid and pectin oligosaccharide in Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Structural Characterization of a Novel Pectin Polysaccharide from Mango (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Isolation, Chemical Structure, and Antagonistic Activity Against Galectin-1 of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides FromFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Knowledge Mapping and Global Research Trends of Ginseng Polysaccharides: a Bibliometric Analysis with Visualizations from 1985 to 2023.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Ginseng-derived type I rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide binds to galectin-8 and antagonizes its function.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Article
- Toxicological evaluation of a pumpkin-derived pectin preparation: in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats.Toxicology research · 2024Article
- The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Preparation and Potential Bioactivities of Modified Pectins: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fibrin-Rhamnogalacturonan I Composite Gel for Therapeutic Enzyme Delivery to Intestinal Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Highlights on the Role of Galectin-3 in Colorectal Cancer and the Preventive/Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Inhibitors.Cancers · 2022Review
- Transcriptome reveals insights into biosynthesis of ginseng polysaccharides.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
- An Overview of Antitumour Activity of Polysaccharides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Homogalacturonan from squash: Characterization and tau-binding pattern of a sulfated derivative.Carbohydrate polymers · 2022Article
- Immune-instructive copolymer scaffolds using plant-derived nanoparticles to promote bone regeneration.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pectin has been shown to inhibit the actions of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein associated with cancer progression. The structural features of pectin involved in this activity remain unclear. We investigated the effects of different ginseng pectins on galectin-3 action. The rhamnogalacturonan I-rich pectin fragment, RG-I-4, potently inhibited galectin-3-mediated hemagglutination, cancer cell adhesion and homotypic aggregation, and binding of galectin-3 to T-cells. RG-I-4 specifically bound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 with a dissociation constant of 22.2 nm, which was determined by surface plasmon resonance analysis. The structure-activity relationship of RG-I-4 was investigated by modifying the structure through various enzymatic and chemical methods followed by activity tests. The results showed that (a) galactan side chains were essential to the activity of RG-I-4, whereas arabinan side chains positively or negatively regulated the activity depending on their location within the RG-I-4 molecule. (b) The activity of galactan chain was proportional to its length up to 4 Gal residues and largely unchanged thereafter. (c) The majority of galactan side chains in RG-I-4 were short with low activities. (d) The high activity of RG-I-4 resulted from the cooperative action of these side chains. (e) The backbone of the molecule was very important to RG-I-4 activity, possibly by maintaining a structural conformation of the whole molecule. (f) The isolated backbone could bind galectin-3, which was insensitive to lactose treatment. The novel discovery that the side chains and backbone play distinct roles in regulating RG-I-4 activity is valuable for producing highly active pectin-based galectin-3 inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.