ArticlePloS one2013
Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin suppresses effective innate and adaptive immune responses in a murine dermonecrosis model.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mast Cells in Host Defense Against Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus Infection.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Bacterial Infections: A Broad Review of the Field.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Rational Combination of Dominant and Subdominant Antigens with Nanoadjuvant Elicits Durable Immunity AgainstVaccines · 2026Article
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- In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Effects of Larch Turpentine, Turpentine Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, and Their Mixture as Contained in a Marketed Ointment.Planta medica · 2024Article
- In vivo mRNA expression of a multi-mechanistic mAb combination protects against Staphylococcus aureus infection.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- The Prospect of Biomimetic Immune Cell Membrane-Coated Nanomedicines for Treatment of Serious Bacterial Infections and Sepsis.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Review
- From Host Defense to Metabolic Signatures: Unveiling the Role of γδ T Cells in Bacterial Infections.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Mammary γδ T cells promote IL-17A-mediated immunity againstiScience · 2023Article
- Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin impairs early neutrophil localization via electrogenic disruption of store-operated calcium entry.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Promote Virulence in Bacterial Keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Toxin expression during Staphylococcus aureus infection imprints host immunity to inhibit vaccine efficacy.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Neutralization of Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Prevents Exacerbated Osteoclast Activity and Bone Loss during Osteomyelitis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Review
- Lysine Inhibits Hemolytic Activity ofToxins · 2022Article
- Keratinocyte-derived defensins activate neutrophil-specific receptors Mrgpra2a/b to prevent skin dysbiosis and bacterial infection.Immunity · 2022Article
- Kinetic Characterization of the Immune Response to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Subcutaneous Skin Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Article
- Inhibitory Effect ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An optimal host response against Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) is dependent on IL-1β and IL-17 mediated abscess formation. Alpha toxin (AT), an essential virulence factor for SSTI, has been reported to damage tissue integrity; however its effect on the immune response has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that infection with USA300 AT isogenic mutant (Δhla), or passive immunization with an AT neutralizing mAb, 2A3, 24 h prior to infection with wild type USA300 (WT), resulted in dermonecrotic lesion size reduction, and robust neutrophil infiltration. Infiltration correlates with increase in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as enhanced bacterial clearance relative to immunization with a negative control mAb. In addition, infection with Δhla, or with WT +2A3, resulted in an early influx of innate IL-17(+)γδT cells and a more rapid induction of an adaptive immune response as measured by Th1 and Th17 cell recruitment at the site of infection. These results are the first direct evidence of a role for AT in subverting the innate and adaptive immune responses during a S. aureus SSTI. Further, these effects of AT can be overcome with a high affinity anti-AT mAb resulting in a reduction in disease severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.