ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2013
It's time to fear! Interval timing in odor fear conditioning in rats.
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Directing negative emotional states through parallel genetically-distinct basolateral amygdala pathways to ventral striatum subregions.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms.Learning & behavior · 2025Article
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- A contextual fear conditioning paradigm in head-fixed mice exploring virtual reality.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Stress-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalization in Laboratory Rats and Mice: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Amplitude modulation pattern of rat distress vocalisations during fear conditioning.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- How Does Emotion Influence Time Perception? A Review of Evidence Linking Emotional Motivation and Time Processing.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- Introduction of gloved hand to cage induces 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in male albino rats.PloS one · 2022Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation promotes extinction generalization across sensory modalities.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2021Article
- Respiration and brain neural dynamics associated with interval timing during odor fear learning in rats.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- An Evolutionarily Threat-Relevant Odor Strengthens Human Fear Memory.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Hippocampal Processing of Ambiguity Enhances Fear Memory.Psychological science · 2017Article
- Updating temporal expectancy of an aversive event engages striatal plasticity under amygdala control.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Ecologically relevant neurobehavioral assessment of the development of threat learning.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2016Review
- Associative learning and timing.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2016Article
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- Infant rats can learn time intervals before the maturation of the striatum: evidence from odor fear conditioning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Time perception is crucial to goal attainment in humans and other animals, and interval timing also guides fundamental animal behaviors. Accumulating evidence has made it clear that in associative learning, temporal relations between events are encoded, and a few studies suggest this temporal learning occurs very rapidly. Most of these studies, however, have used methodologies that do not permit investigating the emergence of this temporal learning. In the present study we monitored respiration, ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and freezing behavior in rats in order to perform fine-grain analysis of fear responses during odor fear conditioning. In this paradigm an initially neutral odor (the conditioned stimulus, CS) predicted the arrival of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US, footshock) at a fixed 20-s time interval. We first investigated the development of a temporal pattern of responding related to CS-US interval duration. The data showed that during acquisition with odor-shock pairings, a temporal response pattern of respiration rate was observed. Changing the CS-US interval duration from 20-s to 30-s resulted in a shift of the temporal response pattern appropriate to the new duration thus demonstrating that the pattern reflected the learning of the CS-US interval. A temporal pattern was also observed during a retention test 24 h later for both respiration and freezing measures, suggesting that the animals had stored the interval duration in long-term memory. We then investigated the role of intra-amygdalar dopaminergic transmission in interval timing. For this purpose, the D1 dopaminergic receptors antagonist SCH23390 was infused in the basolateral amygdala before conditioning. This resulted in an alteration of timing behavior, as reflected in differential temporal patterns between groups observed in a 24 h retention test off drug. The present data suggest that D1 receptor dopaminergic transmission within the amygdala is involved in temporal processing.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.