ReviewEukaryotic cell2013
Strategies to discover the structural components of cyst and oocyst walls.
Review in Eukaryotic cell, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mysterious girls: The biology of female Cryptosporidium parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Functionally-derivatized Nanoantibodies as novel tools for Giardia lamblia cyst detection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii reveals stage-specific regulatory programs and metabolic adaptations driving oocyst sporulation.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Combating resilient Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts: Ultrasonic frequency-dependent effects on viability and excystment.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Article
- Encystment and Excystment Processes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cellulose binding and the timing of expression influence protein targeting to the double-layered cyst wall ofmSphere · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding theFrontiers in parasitology · 2024Review
- Proteomic Analysis of FractionatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Metabolomics analysis reveals changes related to pseudocyst formation induced by iron depletion in Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Article
- Pleiotropic Roles of Cholesteryl Sulfate duringmSphere · 2022Article
- Eimeria proteins: order amidst disorder.Parasites & vectors · 2022Review
- Disease Biomarkers of Giardiasis.Journal of parasitology research · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Stage-SpecificmSphere · 2021Article
- Antagonistic effects of native strains of the soil fungusJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Comparative Study of Eleven Mechanical Pretreatment Protocols forMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cysts of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are the infectious and sometimes diagnostic forms of these parasites. To discover the structural components of cyst and oocyst walls, we have developed strategies based upon a few simple assumptions. Briefly, the most abundant wall proteins are identified by monoclonal antibodies or mass spectrometry. Structural components include a sugar polysaccharide (chitin for Entamoeba, β-1,3-linked glucose for Toxoplasma, and β-1,3-linked GalNAc for Giardia) and/or acid-fast lipids (Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium). Because Entamoeba cysts and Toxoplasma oocysts are difficult to obtain, studies of walls of nonhuman pathogens (E. invadens and Eimeria, respectively) accelerate discovery. Biochemical methods to dissect fungal walls work well for cyst and oocyst walls, although the results are often unexpected. For example, echinocandins, which inhibit glucan synthases and kill fungi, arrest the development of oocyst walls and block their release into the intestinal lumen. Candida walls are coated with mannans, while Entamoeba cysts are coated in a dextran-like glucose polymer. Models for cyst and oocyst walls derive from their structural components and organization within the wall. Cyst walls are composed of chitin fibrils and lectins that bind chitin (Entamoeba) or fibrils of the β-1,3-GalNAc polymer and lectins that bind the polymer (Giardia). Oocyst walls of Toxoplasma have two distinct layers that resemble those of fungi (β-1,3-glucan in the inner layer) or mycobacteria (acid-fast lipids in the outer layer). Oocyst walls of Cryptosporidium have a rigid bilayer of acid-fast lipids and inner layer of oocyst wall proteins.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.