ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2014
Primary 4T1 tumor resection provides critical "window of opportunity" for immunotherapy.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protocol for incomplete murine tumor resection to study local effects of surgical trauma on residual sarcoma.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Therapeutic limitations of oncolytic VSVd51-mediated miR-199a-5p delivery in triple negative breast cancer models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Noncovalently particle-anchored cytokines with prolonged tumor retention safely elicit potent antitumor immunity.Science advances · 2024Article
- Complete tumor resection reverses neutrophilia-associated suppression of systemic anti-tumor immunity.Oral oncology · 2024Article
- MDSCs in breast cancer: an important enabler of tumor progression and an emerging therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Blood Stasis Syndrome Accelerates the Growth and Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Promoting Hypoxia and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Mice.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Systemic dysfunction and plasticity of the immune macroenvironment in cancer models.Nature medicine · 2020Article
- Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in combination with primary mammary tumor resection reduces metastatic growth in the lungs.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of canine myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease mammary tumor growth, multiorgan metastasis and enhance survival.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2018Article
- Tumor Resection Recruits Effector T Cells and Boosts Therapeutic Efficacy of Encapsulated Stem Cells Expressing IFNβ in Glioblastomas.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Article
- Luciferase Expression Allows Bioluminescence Imaging But Imposes Limitations on the Orthotopic Mouse (4T1) Model of Breast Cancer.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Bone marrow produces sufficient alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells in vivo to cure mice from subcutaneously and intravascularly injected 4T1 breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Article
- Suppressive role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the microenvironment of breast cancer and targeted immunotherapies.Oncotarget · 2016Review
- Natural killer T cell activation overcomes immunosuppression to enhance clearance of postsurgical breast cancer metastasis in mice.Oncoimmunology · 2015Article
- A dual vaccine against influenza & Alzheimer's disease failed to enhance anti-β-amyloid antibody responses in mice with pre-existing virus specific memory.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2014Article
- Targeting TLR-4 with a novel pharmaceutical grade plant derived agonist, Immunomax®, as a therapeutic strategy for metastatic breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2014Article
- Temporal dynamics of mesenchymal stem cell administration influence immune modulation in a 4T1 breast cancer model.Cell transplantationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is believed that primary tumor resection modulates host-tumor immune interaction, but this has not been characterized in a stringent breast cancer tumor model. This report, using the 4T1 murine mammary tumor model, characterizes for the first time the dynamic longitudinal changes in immunosuppressive and effector components of the immune system after resection of an established orthotopic primary tumor with a defined natural history of developing lung metastases. More specifically, we analyzed changes of absolute numbers and frequencies of MDSC, regulatory T cells (Treg), as well as activated CD4 and CD8 positive T cells in spleens and, in some studies, lungs of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice and mice after primary tumor resection. Importantly, using mathematical analyses we established that primary resection of an orthotopic tumor had created a "window of opportunity" with decreased tumor-associated immune suppression that existed for approximately 10 days. Although tumor resection did slightly prolong survival, it did not affect the ultimate development of metastatic disease since animals with resected tumors or intact primary tumors eventually died by day 47 and 43, respectively. This window of opportunity likely occurs in humans providing a rationale and parameters for integration and testing of immunotherapeutic strategies in this critical "window of opportunity" to combat the development of metastatic disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.