ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2013
Estradiol increases ER-negative breast cancer metastasis in an experimental model.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibitory Effect of Progesterone on Breast Cancer Progression and Migration via the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Expression characteristics and detection value of Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) in patients with breast cancer.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Integrin αvβ3 as a Non-Genomic Estrogen Receptor in Breast Cancer for Signaling Pathways and Crosstalk.Cells · 2025Review
- Hormone Receptor Signaling and Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-Tumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Gynaecological Cancers: Is There a Role for Oestradiol?Metabolites · 2022Review
- 17-β Estradiol up-regulates energy metabolic pathways, cellular proliferation and tumor invasiveness in ER+ breast cancer spheroids.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Thermally Abused Frying Oil Potentiates Metastasis to Lung in a Murine Model of Late-Stage Breast Cancer.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- Do the Fertility Drugs Increase the Risk of Cancer? A Review Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Unfavorable effect of calcitriol and its low-calcemic analogs on metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer.International journal of oncology · 2018Article
- A single neonatal administration of Bisphenol A induces higher tumour weight associated to changes in tumour microenvironment in the adulthood.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Effect of Genistein and 17-β Estradiol on the Viability and Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 cell line.Advanced biomedical research · 2017Article
- Estrogen-induced SDF-1α production promotes the progression of ER-negative breast cancer via the accumulation of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- The complex nature of oestrogen signalling in breast cancer: enemy or ally?Bioscience reports · 2016Review
- Effects of letrozole on breast cancer micro-metastatic tumor growth in bone and lung in mice inoculated with murine 4T1 cells.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2016Article
- Article
- Dietary soy isoflavones increase metastasis to lungs in an experimental model of breast cancer with bone micro-tumors.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer affecting women in the United States and metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of death. The role estradiol plays in ER-positive BC is well-documented, but the way it contributes to ER-negative BC remains unclear. In the present study, we utilized an experimental model of BC metastasis into lung by injecting ER-negative murine 4T1 cells into mice via the lateral tail vein. A 56 % metastasis occurrence rate following the injection of 5 × 10(3) cells was observed, thus this cell number was selected to study the potential stimulatory effect of estradiol on ER-negative BC metastasis. Female ovariectomized mice were randomized into estradiol and control groups with 16 mice per group, and estradiol pellets were implanted subcutaneously in the estradiol group. Results demonstrated that estradiol accelerated BC metastasis as indicated by bioluminescent imaging. In addition, estradiol enhanced metastatic tumor colony formation and increased the size of tumor nodules in the lungs, which were due, in part, to the increase in proliferative cells in the metastatic tumors. In vitro, estradiol increased the motility and invasion of 4T1 cells, and the stimulatory effect on cell motility was not blocked by ICI 182, 780, confirming that ER was not involved in the process. Results from the present study suggest that estradiol plays a role in ER-negative BC metastasis in whole animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.