ArticleBMC pediatrics2013
Spine Day 2012: spinal pain in Swiss school children- epidemiology and risk factors.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02955342 (Back and Neck Pain in Adolescence), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Back and Neck Pain in Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort Study Using a German Version of the Young Spine Questionnaire
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does sedentary behaviour cause spinal pain in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis.British journal of sports medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Obesity and overweight as risk factors for low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Pooled it
- Physical risk factors for adolescent neck and mid back pain: a systematic review.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2018Pooled it
- Cluster-randomized, controlled evaluation of a teacher led multi factorial school based back education program for 10 to 12-year old children.BMC pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Prevalence of Low Back Pain and its Association with Spinal Alignment Measured by Spinal Mouse in School-Age Children: KID Locomo Study.Spine surgery and related research · 2026Article
- Associations between school backpack loading, sitting time and low back pain among schoolchildren in Gaborone, Botswana.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Postural Fitness Protocol in Children and Adolescents: Descriptive Values from the ISQUIOS Program.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effects of a Kinesiologic Approach-The Canali Postural Method-To Posture Reprogramming for Non-Specific Low Back Pain.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An observational cross-sectional study on the characteristics of children and adolescents with non-specific spinal pain stratified by pain severity.BMC pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Prevalence of spine pain among Tunisian children and adolescents and related factors.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2024Article
- Muscular Strategies for Correcting the Pelvic Position to Improve Posture-An Exploratory Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Assessment on Practicing Correct Body Posture and Determinant Analyses in a Large Population of a Metropolitan Area.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Narrative review of the prevalence and distribution of acute pain in children in the self-care setting.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2022Review
- Analysis of the Ability to Tolerate Body Balance Disturbance in Relation to Selected Changes in the Sagittal Plane of the Spine in Early School-Age Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Back Pain in Children and Adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Factors associated with back pain in children aged 6 to 12 years of age, an eight months prospective study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Technological advancements in the analysis of human motion and posture management through digital devices.World journal of orthopedics · 2021Review
- Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Primary School Students from the City of Valencia (Spain).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Neuromuscular performance of balance and posture control in childhood and adolescence.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe key to a better understanding of the immense problem of spinal pain seems to be to investigate its development in adolescents. Based on the data of Spine Day 2012 (an annual action day where Swiss school children were examined by chiropractors on a voluntary basis for back problems), the aim of the present study was to gain systematic epidemiologic data on adolescent spinal pain in Switzerland and to explore risk factors per gender and per spinal area.
methodData (questionnaires and physical examinations) of 836 school children were descriptively analyzed for prevalence, recurrence and severity of spinal pain. Of those, 434 data sets were included in risk factor analysis. Using logistic regression analysis, psycho-social parameters (presence of parental back pain, parental smoking, media consumption, type of school bag) and physical parameters (trunk symmetry, posture, mobility, coordination, BMI) were analyzed per gender and per spinal area.
resultsPrevalence of spinal pain was higher for female gender in all areas apart from the neck. With age, a steep increase in prevalence was observed for low back pain (LBP) and for multiple pain sites. The increasing impact of spinal pain on quality of life with age was reflected in an increase in recurrence, but not in severity of spinal pain. Besides age and gender, parental back pain (Odds ratio (OR)=3.26, p=0.011) and trunk asymmetry (OR=3.36, p=0.027) emerged as risk factors for spinal pain in girls. Parental smoking seemed to increase the risk for both genders (boys: OR=2.39, p=0.020; girls: OR=2.19, p=0.051). Risk factor analysis per spinal area resulted in trunk asymmetry as risk factor for LBP (OR=3.15, p=0.015), while parental smoking increased the risk for thoracic spinal pain (TSP) (OR=2.83, p=0.036) and neck pain (OR=2.23, p=0.038). The risk for TSP was further enhanced by a higher BMI (OR=1.15, p=0.027).
conclusionThis study supports the view of adolescent spinal pain as a bio-psycho-social problem that should be investigated per spinal area, age and gender. The role of trunk asymmetry and passive smoking as risk factors as well as the association between BMI and TSP should be further investigated, preferably in prospective studies.
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