Trial reportJournal of health communication2013
Take-Wait-Stop: a patient-centered strategy for writing PRN medication instructions.
Trial report in Journal of health communication, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluation of the design and structure of electronic medication labels to improve patient health knowledge and safety: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Strategies to optimize comprehension of numerical medication instructions: A systematic review and concept map.Patient education and counseling · 2022Pooled it
- Practical Considerations of PRN Medicines Management: An Integrative Systematic Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of textual elements on the comprehensibility of drug label instructions (DLIs): A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Patient Knowledge and Safe Use of Opioids: Results of the ED EMCAcademic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2019Trial
- Parents' pain medication underdosing is associated with more emergency department visits in sickle cell disease.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2018Trial
- Electronic medication complete communication strategy for opioid prescriptions in the emergency department: Rationale and design for a three-arm provider randomized trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- Evaluating Providers' Prescription Opioid Instructions to Pediatric Patients.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Developing and user testing new pharmacy label formats-A study to inform labelling standards.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2021Article
- Patient-Reported Opioid Pill Consumption After an ED Visit: How Many Pills Are People Using?Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Implementation fidelity of patient-centered prescription label to promote opioid safe use.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2019Article
- People with insomnia: experiences with sedative hypnotics and risk perception.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2016Article
- Factors influencing subjects' comprehension of a set of medicine package inserts.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2016Article
- Methodological review: quality of randomized controlled trials in health literacy.BMC health services research · 2016Review
- Patient-Centred Coordinated Care in Times of Emerging Diseases and Epidemics. Contribution of the IMIA Working Group on Patient Safety.Yearbook of medical informatics · 2015Review
- The progress and promise of health literacy research.Journal of health communication · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have linked patient misunderstanding of label instructions for as needed (PRN) medications to dosing errors. This study conducted a preliminary field test of patient-centered PRN label instructions. Patients participated in a hypothetical dosing experiment and were randomized to a patient-centered label (referred to as "Take-Wait-Stop") or standard label. Participants were asked to demonstrate dosing the medicine over 24 hours. Three types of independent dosing errors were measured: (a) taking more than two pills at one time, (b) exceeding the maximum daily dose, and (c) waiting fewer than 4 hours between doses. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between label type, health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants' mean age was 39.8 years, 62.1% were female, 43.7% were White, and 72.4% had adequate literacy. Of participants, 31.8% who were shown the standard label demonstrated taking in excess of 6 pills in 24 hours compared with only 14.0% of participants who were shown the Take-Wait-Stop label (p = .05). Overall, only 1 person demonstrated he would take more than 2 pills in a single dose. Of the standard label group, 20.5% demonstrated dosing intervals of fewer than 4 hours compared with 23.3% of the Take-Wait-Stop label group (p=.75). In a multivariate model, participants who were exposed to the standard label were 2.5 times more likely to exceed the recommended maximum daily dose (95% CI [1.05, 7.70], p=.03). The Take-Wait-Stop label was beneficial in preventing participants from exceeding the maximum dose in 24 hours, although it did not significantly reduce other dosing errors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.