ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2013
Making long-term memories in minutes: a spaced learning pattern from memory research in education.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Web-Based and Mobile Intervention Program Using a Spaced Education Approach for Workplace Mental Health Literacy: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Trial
- The effect of spaced learning on the learning outcome and retention of nurse anesthesia students: a randomized-controlled study.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- The spaced learning concept significantly improves training for laparoscopic suturing: a pilot randomized controlled study.Surgical endoscopy · 2018Trial
- Clinician, Youth, and Parent Perspectives on Diabetes Technology Education.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2025Article
- Assessing the efficacy of the Pomodoro technique in enhancing anatomy lesson retention during study sessions: a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- How chronotype, sleep-wake cycle, subjective time experience influence retrospective, and prospective memory functioning.Frontiers in cognition · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of three prophylactic interventions on French middle-schoolers' mental health: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Changing Surgical Culture Through Surgical Education: Introduction to the PACTS Trial.Journal of surgical education · 2024Article
- The therapeutic potential of low-intensity focused ultrasound for treating substance use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Prediction in cultured cortical neural networks.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Long-term Memory Testing in Children With Typical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Remote Web-based Image Task Feasibility Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2023Article
- Teaching, learning and assessment methods for sustainability education on the land-sea interface.Discover sustainability · 2023Review
- CREBB repression of protein synthesis in mushroom body gates long-term memory formation inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Integrating Peripartum Mental Health Education into the Psychiatry Clerkship: a Multimodal Approach.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2022Article
- Evidence of the Spacing Effect and Influences on Perceptions of Learning and Science Curricula.Cureus · 2022Review
- Implementation of a Children's Safe Asthma Discharge Care Pathway Reduces the Risk of Future Asthma Attacks in Children-A Retrospective Quality Improvement Report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Proof of Concept: Game-Based Mobile Learning-The First Experience With the App Actionbound as Case-Based Geocaching in Education of Veterinary Neurology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Residents' Perceptions of Effective Features of Educational Podcasts.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Making a Lecture Stick: the Effect of Spaced Instruction on Knowledge Retention in Medical Education.Medical science educator · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Memory systems select from environmental stimuli those to encode permanently. Repeated stimuli separated by timed spaces without stimuli can initiate Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and long-term memory (LTM) encoding. These processes occur in time scales of minutes, and have been demonstrated in many species. This study reports on using a specific timed pattern of three repeated stimuli separated by 10 min spaces drawn from both behavioral and laboratory studies of LTP and LTM encoding. A technique was developed based on this pattern to test whether encoding complex information into LTM in students was possible using the pattern within a very short time scale. In an educational context, stimuli were periods of highly compressed instruction, and spaces were created through 10 min distractor activities. Spaced Learning in this form was used as the only means of instruction for a national curriculum Biology course, and led to very rapid LTM encoding as measured by the high-stakes test for the course. Remarkably, learning at a greatly increased speed and in a pattern that included deliberate distraction produced significantly higher scores than random answers (p < 0.00001) and scores were not significantly different for experimental groups (one hour spaced learning) and control groups (four months teaching). Thus learning per hour of instruction, as measured by the test, was significantly higher for the spaced learning groups (p < 0.00001). In a third condition, spaced learning was used to replace the end of course review for one of two examinations. Results showed significantly higher outcomes for the course using spaced learning (p < 0.0005). The implications of these findings and further areas for research are briefly considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.