ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2013
Persisting primitive reflexes in medication-naïve girls with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Craniosacral and Primitive Reflex Assessment in Infant Neurodevelopment.
Early Craniosacral Therapy Improves Infant Neurodevelopment in Apparently Healthy Children.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a 6-Month Exercise Intervention on Primitive Reflexes in Children with Developmental Language Disorder-A Case for Multisensory and Sensorimotor Integration.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of the children's primitive reflex integration assessment scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Detailed Analysis of the Palmomental Reflex and Its Clinical Significance.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with (a)symmetric tonic neck primitive reflexes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Reliable change in developmental outcomes of Brain BalanceFrontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Primitive Reflex Factors Influence Walking Gait in Young Children: An Observational Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Retained Primitive Reflexes and Potential for Intervention in Autistic Spectrum Disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Primitive Reflex Activity in Relation to Motor Skills in Healthy Preschool Children.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Primitive Reflex Activity in Relation to the Sensory Profile in Healthy Preschool Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Persistent Childhood Primitive Reflex Reduction Effects on Cognitive, Sensorimotor, and Academic Performance in ADHD.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Association of Affected Neurocircuitry With Deficit of Response Inhibition and Delayed Gratification in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2018Review
- Dynamic balance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with cognitive functions and cerebellum.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2017Article
- Catching-up: Children with developmental coordination disorder compared to healthy children before and after sensorimotor therapy.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesRecent and historical findings suggest that later-developed functions during brain ontogenesis related to higher levels of cognitive and motor integration tend to replace the older, more primitive, ones, and the persistence of the older functions may be linked to specific neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, there is growing evidence to suggest that persisting primitive reflexes may be related to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Preliminary data also suggest that persisting primitive reflexes may be specifically linked to attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
methodsIn the study reported here, we tested to what extent the persisting primitive asymmetric tonic neck reflex and symmetric tonic neck reflex are related to ADHD symptoms measured by Conners' Parent Questionnaire in 35 medication-naïve girls of school age (8-11 years) with ADHD. The results were compared with those of a control group of 30 girls of the same age.
resultsThis study showed that persisting primitive reflexes are closely linked to ADHD symptoms.
conclusionThe data suggest that ADHD symptoms may be linked to more primitive neural mechanisms interfering with higher brain functions due to insufficiently developed cognitive and motor integration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.