ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
Declining genital Warts in young women in england associated with HPV 16/18 vaccination: an ecological study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Population-level impact and herd effects following the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Population-Level Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programs on Infections with Nonvaccine Genotypes.Emerging infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Early direct and indirect impact of quadrivalent HPV (4HPV) vaccine on genital warts: a systematic review.Advances in therapy · 2015Pooled it
- The effect of a booster dose of quadrivalent or bivalent HPV vaccine when administered to girls previously vaccinated with two doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Trial
- Long-term outcomes of penile squamous cell carcinoma in men age ≤50 years old compared with men >50 years old from a single tertiary referral centre: a propensity score matched analysis.International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF VERRUCAE: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2024Article
- Partial Protective Effect of Bivalent Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination Against Anogenital Warts in a Large Cohort of Dutch Primary Care Patients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Strong reduction in prevalence of HPV16/18 and closely related HPV types in sexually active adolescent women following the introduction of HPV vaccination in Argentina.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- Vaccination With Moderate Coverage Eradicates Oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses If a Gender-Neutral Strategy Is Applied.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- HPV vaccination in HIV infection.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Review
- Epidemiology of genital warts in the British population: implications for HPV vaccination programmes.Sexually transmitted infections · 2019Article
- Assessing the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination strategies for adolescent girls and boys in the UK.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Prevalence and incidence of genital warts and cervical Human Papillomavirus infections in Nigerian women.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Viral metagenomics updated the prevalence of human papillomavirus types in anogenital warts.Emerging microbes & infections · 2019Article
- Observational
- Cost-effectiveness of two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in Singapore.Singapore medical journal · 2018Article
- Proposal for cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV vaccination.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2018Review
- Evaluation of vaccination herd immunity effects for anogenital warts in a low coverage setting with human papillomavirus vaccine-an interrupted time series analysis from 2005 to 2010 using health insurance data.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiagnoses of genital warts (GW) in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics have been increasing in England for many years. In 2008, an HPV immunization program began with a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix). This was expected to markedly reduce infections and disease due to human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 but not HPV 6/11 infections or disease. However, from 2009 to 2011 there were decreases in reported diagnoses of GW in young females at GUM clinics.
methodsUsing data from GUM clinics and a sample of general practices (GPs) throughout England, we analyzed rates of GW diagnoses by age, year of diagnosis, and estimated immunization coverage.
resultsThe overall reduction in GW diagnoses at GUM clinics between 2008 and 2011 was 13.3% among 16- to 19-year-old females, with the greatest decline of 20.8% in 17-year-olds. Declines were positively associated with estimated immunization coverage. A similar pattern was seen in GP diagnoses, but not among older women, and for other GUM consultations.
conclusionsSeveral factors might contribute to declines in GW. However, the size and pattern of the declines strongly suggest that we are observing an unexpected, moderately protective effect of HPV 16/18 vaccination against GW.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.