ArticleEndocrinology2013
Thyroid autoantibodies are rare in nonhuman great apes and hypothyroidism cannot be attributed to thyroid autoimmunity.
Article in Endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Validation of Immunoassays for Total Thyroxine and Free Thyroxine and Age and Sex-Related Variation in Thyroid Hormone Serum Concentrations in Orangutans (Pongo sp.).Journal of medical primatology · 2026Article
- Peptidomic profiling of endogenous peptides in the spleens of mouse models of Graves' disease.Heliyon · 2024Article
- STR mutations on chromosome 15q cause thyrotropin resistance by activating a primate-specific enhancer of MIR7-2/MIR1179.Nature genetics · 2024Article
- The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Thyroid Hormone Signalling in Human Evolution and Disease: A Novel Hypothesis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Prolactin Levels in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Across the Lifespan.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2021Article
- Reinterpreting patterns of variation in human thyroid function: An evolutionary ecology perspective.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Review
- Review
- A Mouse Thyrotropin Receptor A-Subunit Transgene Expressed in Thyroiditis-Prone Mice May Provide Insight into Why Graves' Disease Only Occurs in Humans.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2019Article
- Evidence for the possible occurrence of Grave's disease in a blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur flavifrons).Primates; journal of primatology · 2018Article
- Autoimmunity as a Driving Force of Cognitive Evolution.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2017Article
- TSH Receptor Cleavage Into Subunits and Shedding of the A-Subunit; A Molecular and Clinical Perspective.Endocrine reviews · 2016Review
- Withdrawn: TSH Receptor Cleavage Into Subunits and Shedding of the A-Subunit; A Molecular and Clinical Perspective.Endocrine reviews · 2016Review
- A unique mouse strain that develops spontaneous, iodine-accelerated, pathogenic antibodies to the human thyrotrophin receptor.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The great apes include, in addition to Homo, the genera Pongo (orangutans), Gorilla (gorillas), and Pan, the latter comprising two species, P. troglodytes (chimpanzees) and P. paniscus (bonobos). Adult-onset hypothyroidism was previously reported in 4 individual nonhuman great apes. However, there is scarce information on normal serum thyroid hormone levels and virtually no data for thyroid autoantibodies in these animals. Therefore, we examined thyroid hormone levels and TSH in all nonhuman great ape genera including adults, adolescents, and infants. Because hypothyroidism in humans is commonly the end result of thyroid autoimmunity, we also tested healthy and hypothyroid nonhuman great apes for antibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and the TSH receptor (TSHR). We established a thyroid hormone and TSH database in orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos (447 individuals). The most striking differences are the greatly reduced free-T4 and free-T3 levels in orangutans and gorillas vs chimpanzees and bonobos, and conversely, elevated TSH levels in gorillas vs Pan species. Antibodies to Tg and TPO were detected in only 2.6% of adult animals vs approximately 10% in humans. No animals with Tg, TPO, or TSHR antibodies exhibited thyroid dysfunction. Conversely, hypothyroid nonhuman great apes lacked thyroid autoantibodies. Moreover, thyroid histology in necropsy tissues was similar in euthyroid and hypothyroid individuals, and lymphocytic infiltration was absent in 2 hypothyroid animals. In conclusion, free T4 and free T3 are lower in orangutans and gorillas vs chimpanzees and bonobos, the closest living human relatives. Moreover, thyroid autoantibodies are rare and hypothyroidism is unrelated to thyroid autoimmunity in nonhuman great apes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.