ArticleAppetite2014
Measurement of food reinforcement in preschool children. Associations with food intake, BMI, and reward sensitivity.
Article in Appetite, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03766191 (The Relation of Genetic Factors, Food Cues, and Self-Regulation With Excess Consumption and Adiposity in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Relation of Genetic Factors, Food Cues, and Self-Regulation With Excess Consumption and Adiposity in Children
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reducing relative food reinforcement of infants using a music enrichment program: a randomized, controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Factors influencing the reinforcing value of fruit and unhealthy snacks.European journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Effects of restriction on children’s intake differ by child temperament, food reinforcement, and parent’s chronic use of restriction.Appetite · 2014Trial
- Review
- Children's satiety responsiveness moderates the association between food reinforcement and eating in the absence of hunger.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Protocol for the infant growth and development (iGrowUp) study: the role of food and non-food self-regulation in children's obesity-related risk.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Insulin Resistance and Glycated Hemoglobin in Obesity Are Associated With Preference for Sugar-Sweetened Yogurt: A Pilot Study.Psychosomatic medicine · 2023Article
- The propensity to sign-track is associated with externalizing behavior and distinct patterns of reward-related brain activation in youth.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Child Weight Status: The Role of Feeding Styles and Highly Motivated Eating in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characteristics of eating behavior profiles among preschoolers with low-income backgrounds: a person-centered analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Article
- Are Peripheral Biomarkers Determinants of Eating Styles in Childhood and Adolescence Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Predictors of Post-Exercise Energy Intake in Adolescents Ranging in Weight Status from Overweight to Severe Obesity.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Profiles of Behavioral Self-Regulation and Appetitive Traits in Preschool Children: Associations With BMI and Food Parenting Practices.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Food reinforcement and habituation to food are processes related to initiation and cessation of eating.Physiology & behavior · 2021Review
- Behavioral Economic Approaches to Childhood Obesity Prevention Nutrition Policies: A Social Ecological Perspective.Perspectives on behavior science · 2021Article
- The impact of short sleep on food reward processes in adolescents.Journal of sleep research · 2021Article
- The Relative Reinforcing Value of Cookies Is Higher Among Head Start Preschoolers With Obesity.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement have been used to measure the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of food in humans as young as 8 years old; however, developmentally appropriate measures are needed to measure RRV of food earlier in life. Study objectives were to demonstrate the validity of the RRV of food task adapted for use among for preschool children (3-5 y), and examine individual differences in performance. Thirty-three children completed the RRV of food task in which they worked to access graham crackers. They also completed a snack task where they had free access these foods, liking and hunger assessments, and their heights and weights were measured. Parents reported on their child's reward sensitivity. Overall, children were willing work for palatable snack foods. Boys and older children made more responses in the task, while children with higher BMI z-scores and reward sensitivity responded at a faster rate. Children who worked harder in terms of total responses and response rates consumed more calories in the snack session. This study demonstrates that with slight modifications, the RRV of food task is a valid and developmentally appropriate measure for assessing individual differences in food reinforcement among very young children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.