ReviewThe journal of spinal cord medicine2014
Invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury: a review.
Review in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation on neural synchronization and cognitive correlates in schizophrenia: An EEG study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Artificial Intelligence-Driven Neuromodulation in Neurodegenerative Disease: Precision in Chaos, Learning in Loss.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Advances in applications of low-dimensional piezoelectric materials in musculoskeletal system.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Identifying functional cortical plasticity after spinal tumour resection using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Overview of the Current Status and Advancements in Various Treatment Strategies against Epilepsy.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Observational Study to Assesses the Efficacy and Safety of Microcurrent Therapy with a Portable Device in Patients Suffering from Chronic Back Pain, Skeletal System Pain, Fibromyalgia, Migraine or Depression.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Review of the Treatments for Central Neuropathic Pain.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Neuroimaging Assessment of Pain.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of Hydrotherapy on Neuropathic Pain and Pain Catastrophization in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Pilot Trial Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Trans-Spinal Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Functional Rehabilitation after Spinal Cord Injury: Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Lateralized Supraspinal Functional Connectivity Correlate with Pain and Motor Dysfunction in Rat Hemicontusion Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2022Article
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Central Neuropathic Pain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Identifying Body Awareness-Related Brain Network Changes After Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation for Neuropathic Pain Relief in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol of a Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Article
- Development of wirelessly-powered, extracranial brain activator (ECBA) in a large animal model for the future non-invasive human neuromodulation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Characteristics of neuropathic pain in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2018Article
- High-Frequency Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation Enhances the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Through Activation of CaFrontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Coping with Phantom Limb Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextPast evidence has shown that invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation may be effective for relieving central pain.
objectiveTo perform a topical review of the literature on brain neurostimulation techniques in patients with chronic neuropathic pain due to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess the current evidence for their therapeutic efficacy.
methodsA MEDLINE search was performed using following terms: "Spinal cord injury", "Neuropathic pain", "Brain stimulation", "Deep brain stimulation" (DBS), "Motor cortex stimulation" (MCS), "Transcranial magnetic stimulation" (TMS), "Transcranial direct current stimulation" (tDCS), "Cranial electrotherapy stimulation" (CES).
resultsInvasive neurostimulation therapies, in particular DBS and epidural MCS, have shown promise as treatments for neuropathic and phantom limb pain. However, the long-term efficacy of DBS is low, while MCS has a relatively higher potential with lesser complications that DBS. Among the non-invasive techniques, there is accumulating evidence that repetitive TMS can produce analgesic effects in healthy subjects undergoing laboratory-induced pain and in chronic pain conditions of various etiologies, at least partially and transiently. Another very safe technique of non-invasive brain stimulation - tDCS - applied over the sensory-motor cortex has been reported to decrease pain sensation and increase pain threshold in healthy subjects. CES has also proved to be effective in managing some types of pain, including neuropathic pain in subjects with SCI.
conclusionA number of studies have begun to use non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques therapeutically to relieve neuropathic pain and phantom phenomena in patients with SCI. However, further studies are warranted to corroborate the early findings and confirm different targets and stimulation paradigms. The utility of these protocols in combination with pharmacological approaches should also be explored.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.