ReviewAIDS (London, England)2013
Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data: challenges and recommended analytic approaches.
Review in AIDS (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition among women: an updated systematic review.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2020Pooled it
- An updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence on hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition in women.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Hormonal contraceptive use and women's risk of HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of observational studies.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Oral and injectable contraceptive use and HIV acquisition risk among women in four African countries: a secondary analysis of data from a microbicide trial.Contraception · 2016Trial
- Risk of HIV-1 acquisition among women who use diff erent types of injectable progestin contraception in South Africa: a prospective cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2015Trial
- Bacterial vaginosis and the risk of trichomonas vaginalis acquisition among HIV-1-negative women.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2014Trial
- Recent Advances and New Challenges in Cisgender Women's Gynecologic and Obstetric Health in the Context of HIV.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Injectable Progestin Contraception Users in South Africa.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Use of Intrauterine Devices and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Among Insured Women in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Plasma concentration of injectable contraceptive correlates with reduced cervicovaginal growth factor expression in South African women.Mucosal immunology · 2020Article
- Concordance of self-reported hormonal contraceptive use and presence of exogenous hormones in serum among African women.Contraception · 2018Article
- Is a lower-dose, subcutaneous contraceptive injectable containing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate likely to impact women's risk of HIV?Contraception · 2018Article
- Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms.Endocrine reviews · 2018Review
- Effects of intrauterine contraception on the vaginal microbiota.Contraception · 2017Article
- Hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV: research gaps and programmatic priorities.Contraception · 2017Article
- Objective Measurement of Inaccurate Condom Use Reporting Among Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate for Contraception.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Use of injectable hormonal contraception and HSV-2 acquisition in a cohort of female sex workers in Vancouver, Canada.Sexually transmitted infections · 2017Article
- Hormonal Contraceptive Use Among HIV-Positive Women and HIV Transmission Risk to Male Partners, Zambia, 1994-2012.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Use of injectable hormonal contraception and women's risk of herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition: a prospective study of couples in Rakai, Uganda.The Lancet. Global health · 2015Article
- Hormonal contraception does not increase women's HIV acquisition risk in Zambian discordant couples, 1994-2012.Contraception · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDetermining whether hormonal contraception, particularly the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), increases a woman's risk of HIV acquisition is a priority question for public health. However, assessing the relationship between various hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition with observational data involves substantial analytic design issues and challenges. Studies to date have used inconsistent approaches and generated a body of evidence that is complex and challenging to interpret.
methodsIn January 2013, the United States Agency for International Development and FHI 360 supported a meeting of epidemiologists, statisticians, and content experts to develop recommendations for future observational analyses of hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition.
resultsMeeting participants generated recommendations regarding careful definition of exposure groups; handling potential confounders, mediators, and effect modifiers; estimating and addressing the magnitude of measurement error; using multiple methods to account for pregnancy; and exploring the potential for differential exposure to HIV-infected partners. Advantages and disadvantages of various statistical approaches to account for time-varying confounding and estimating total and direct effects were also discussed.
conclusionImplementing these recommendations in future observational hormonal contraception-HIV acquisition analyses will enhance interpretation of existing studies and strengthen the overall evidence base for this complex and important area.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.