ArticlePloS one2013
Incidence of metabolic syndrome over 9 years follow-up; the importance of sex differences in the role of insulin resistance and other risk factors.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the effect of baseline predictors on the incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a population-based cohort study in Southwest Iran.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Over 15 Years of Follow-Up Among Iranian Adults.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Incident Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Dietary insulin index, dietary insulin load and dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Hoveyzeh Cohort Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex differences in the change of exercise behavior leading to incident metabolic syndrome reduction: A community-based prospective study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Gender differences in the impact of 3-year status changes of metabolic syndrome and its components on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a decade of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- The clinical value of metabolic syndrome and its components with respect to sudden cardiac death using different definitions: Two decades of follow-up from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Gender differences in changes in metabolic syndrome status and its components and risk of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Metabolic Indices and Chronic Neuroinflammation in Response to Prolonged High-Fat Diet in ApoE4 Knock-In Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Incidence and prediction nomogram for metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged Vietnamese population: a 5-year follow-up study.Endocrine · 2022Article
- Using Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Factors Contributing to the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Tehran: Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- The dynamics of metabolic syndrome development from its isolated components among Iranian adults: findings from 17 years of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS).Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Article
- Incidence of metabolic syndrome and determinants of its progression in Southern Iran: A 5-year longitudinal follow-up study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2020Article
- The Most Important Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome Persistence after 10-year Follow-Up: YHHP Study.International journal of preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of preventive medicine · 2020Review
- Comparison of the accuracy of three diagnostic criteria and estimating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: A latent class analysis.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2019Article
- Incidence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome among urban, adult Sri Lankans: a prospective, 7-year community cohort, follow-up study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2019Article
- Tobacco Smoking: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Review
- Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To determine, the predictors of incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a community-based cohort of West Asians, during a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, a sample of 2858 non-MetS Iranian adults aged ≥ 20 years were examined at baseline and followed at three year intervals during three consecutive phases. The MetS was defined using the joint interim statement. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the independent variables associated with incident MetS. Overall, 1117 new cases MetS were identified resulting in an incidence rate of 550.9/10000 person years (95% CI: 519.5-584.2). The corresponding incidence rates among women and men were 433.5/10000 person years (95% CI: 398.8-471.2) and 749.2/10000 person years (95% CI: 689.9-813.5), respectively. Baseline-adjusted predictors of developing MetS included all of the MetS components, being overweight or obese in both gender, and family history of diabetes and age only in women. There were significant effect modifications of gender on age (P<0.001), high blood pressure (0.026), high waist circumference (P<0001) and obesity categories (all P ≤ 0.01) in multivariate analysis. After considering HOMA-IR in the model, among women, all of the MetS predictors as well as those with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.23 showed a significant risk for incident MetS [HR: 1.63 (1.16-2.28)]; however, among men all the MetS components (WC was marginally significant) as well as the fourth quartile of HOMA-IR [HR: 1.50 (1.03-2.17)] and being overweight showed a significant risk. Finally, in the pooled analysis, we showed that female gender had lower risk for incident MetS than male [HR: 0.58 (0.47-0.70)]. In the Iranian population, high incidence of MetS, especially among men, was shown. Our findings confirmed that sex- specific risk predictors should be considered in primary prevention for incident MetS.
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