ArticlePatient preference and adherence2013
Real world outcomes of adding rapid-acting insulin versus switching to analog premix insulin among US patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine.
Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of premixed versus basal-bolus regimens as intensification of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Insulin Adherence Measures in Patients with Diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Attributes Influencing Insulin Pen Preference Among Caregivers and Patients With Diabetes Who Require Greater Than 20 Units of Mealtime Insulin.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2016Trial
- Predicting Response to Bolus Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Effects of conformance to type 2 diabetes guidelines on health care resource utilization, clinical outcomes, and cost: A retrospective claims analysis.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2020Article
- Evaluating Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Suboptimally Controlled on Basal Insulin: UK ATTAIN Real-World Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019Article
- Lack of Treatment Persistence and Treatment Nonadherence as Barriers to Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of Rapid-Acting Insulins in Adults with Diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2017Article
- TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES WITH BIPHASIC INSULIN ANALOGUES.European medical journal. Diabetes · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often require intensification of basal insulin therapy. This retrospective, observational study compared real-world outcomes in US patients with T2DM treated with insulin glargine who added a rapid-acting insulin (RAI) (basal-bolus approach) with those who switched to premixed insulin (PMX).
methodsThe national US IMPACT® database was used to identify data from adult patients (≥18 years of age) with T2DM who added bolus RAI to insulin glargine (GLA + RAI) or who switched from GLA to PMX between 2001 and 2009. A stringent 1:1 propensity score-matching method was used to address the selection bias by matching GLA + RAI patients and PMX patients. Clinical and economic outcomes were determined for 1 year after the initial pharmacy claim for RAI or for PMX. Outcomes included treatment persistence and adherence, average insulin doses, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels, the prevalence and incidence of hypoglycemia, and health care costs/utilization. Analysis was carried out using an intent-to-treat approach.
resultsThe study included data from 746 propensity-matched patients (n = 373 in each cohort). Treatment persistence and adherence were higher in the GLA + RAI cohort. There was no significant difference in A1C reduction from baseline and the number of patients achieving target A1C levels of <7% in each cohort. The incidence of hypoglycemic events was also similar in both groups. However, during follow-up, many patients (48.8%) who initially switched from insulin glargine to PMX crossed back over to use GLA and/or RAI as part of their regimen. Health care costs and utilization levels were not significantly different.
conclusionClinical and economic outcomes were similar in T2DM patients who added RAI to GLA and in those who switched to PMX, but a basal-bolus strategy appears to be associated with better treatment persistence and adherence.
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