ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2013
A prospective study of smoking and breast cancer risk among African-American women.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of smoking and breast cancer risk: by age of smoking initiation.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and risk of breast cancer in nonsmoking women. An updated review and meta-analysis.Inhalation toxicology · 2016Pooled it
- Childhood exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal never smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- A comprehensive evaluation of de novo metastatic breast cancer trends by subtype from the Dallas Metastatic Cancer Study.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular Subtypes and Mechanisms of Breast Cancer: Precision Medicine Approaches for Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- Lifetime personal cigarette smoking and risk of young-onset breast cancer by subtype among non-Hispanic Black and White women in the Young Women's Health History Study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Never-smokers and the fraction of breast cancer attributable to second-hand smoke from parents during childhood: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study 1991-2018.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Mendelian randomisation study of smoking exposure in relation to breast cancer risk.British journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Cancer Progress and Priorities: Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Review
- Identifying county-level factors for female breast cancer incidence rate through a large-scale population study.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2020Article
- Nicotine Synergizes with High-Fat Diet to Induce an Anti-Inflammatory Microenvironment to Promote Breast Tumor Growth.Mediators of inflammation · 2020Article
- Smoking and breast cancer risk by race/ethnicity and oestrogen and progesterone receptor status: the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Active and secondhand smoke exposure throughout life and DNA methylation in breast tumors.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2019Article
- Number of Risky Lifestyle Behaviors and Breast Cancer Risk.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2018Article
- Racial disparity in breast cancer: can it be mattered for prognosis and therapy.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2018Review
- Article
- The Role of Nitrosamine (NNK) in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeActive smoking and passive smoking have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively assess associations of smoking with breast cancer and identify subgroups at higher risk among African-American women.
methodsBased on 1,377 incident cases identified during 14 years of follow-up in the Black Women's Health Study, we assessed active and passive smoking in relation to breast cancer incidence by menopausal status, estrogen receptor status, and other factors. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for categories of smoking relative to no active or passive smoking were calculated from Cox proportional hazards models, controlling for breast cancer risk factors.
resultsActive smoking was associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. The IRR was 1.21 (95 % CI 0.90-1.62) for premenopausal breast cancer overall and 1.70 (95 % CI 1.05-2.75) for premenopausal breast cancer associated with beginning smoking before age 18 together with accumulation of ≥20 pack years. The positive association with premenopausal breast cancer was most apparent for estrogen-receptor-positive cancer. Passive smoking was also associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer (IRR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.09-1.85), based on information on passive smoking at home and work. Neither active nor passive smoking was associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
conclusionThese results strengthen the evidence that both active and passive smoking increase the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer.
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